【作者】 赵付春；

【导师】 凌鸿；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着信息技术在组织中的广泛应用,对其商业价值的研究一直是学术界和实践界所讨论的一个热门主题。目前的研究普遍认为IT是通过影响组织流程绩效,进而影响组织绩效的。然而流程的两类绩效——效率和柔性之间存在着内在的冲突,此种绩效的提升通常导致彼种绩效的下降,战略和组织管理学家称之为“双元性”问题。当前对于这一问题的研究,既未能引起足够的注意,更没有提出一个较好的解决办法。随着信息技术(IT)的发展,它是否能,以及如何导致流程柔性和效率双元性的平衡,也是一个没有得到很好解决的问题。借助于IT商业价值研究模型、双元性理论和企业关系观理论,本文聚焦于探讨IT在解决流程这一矛盾中的作用及流程双元性实现机制,以及双元性对组织绩效的影响。具体地说,本文将流程区分为组织内和组织间两部分,分别运用不同的方法开展研究：首先,对于IT对组织内流程双元性的影响方面,以中国信息化五百强上榜企业中的65家上市公司为基准组(简称为“强IT企业组”),选择同一行业、同等规模的上市公司作为控制组(简称为“弱IT企业组”),利用2003-2008年面板数据进行配对比较,发现强IT企业在流程双元性和几个重要的组织绩效指标上,显著地优于弱IT企业。这一结论表明IT强的企业更可能达到流程双元性,并进一步导致更高的组织绩效。其次,在上述研究基础上,以供应链作为特定情境,进一步探讨IT对组织流程双元性的影响机制。借助于企业关系观,构建了组织间IT集成作为一种基础关系资产,一方面通过另外两种关系资产：组织间知识共享和流程整合影响供应链双元性,另一方面也会直接影响供应链双元性。通过来自中国多个地区和行业的156家企业样本数据,运用结构方程建模的统计分析工具,对双元性的平衡维度和组合维度进行了比较,对两个模型进行了检验,发现在供应链环境下,平衡维度得到了很好的支持,而组合维度没有得到支持。这表明相比于提升效率和柔性的绝对值,效率与柔性的平衡和相对值显得更为重要。综合上述两方面的研究,可以得出以下主要研究结论：(1)组织可以通过加强IT能力,实现流程双元性,并显著地改善一些重要的组织绩效指标,如资产回报率、非财务费用率。(2)组织还可以同时投资于其他组织间关系资产,与IT共同作用,显著地改善供应链流程双元性；(3)流程双元性两个变量的平衡比起其绝对值的提升更能改善组织绩效。从理论意义上,本研究通过引入双元性理论建立流程双元性实现模型,进一步丰富了IT商业价值研究,尤其对IT在供应链上商业价值研究作出了贡献。从实践意义上看,提示经理们可以借助于双元性理论的思维框架,思考流程双元性问题的解决方案和途径,同时需要注重供应链之间的重要关系资产：专用流程和知识,以及它们与IT之间的互补性。文章最后还提出了本研究的不足之处和未来的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is funded by National Nature Science Foundation and the Graduate Innovation Fund of Fudan University.With the pervasive application of information technology in organizations, research on the business value of IT remains a hot topic in academia and industry. Literature suggests that IT impacts organizational processes, which in turn lead to organizational performance. However, there exists an inherent conflict between two kinds of process performance, i.e., process efficiency and flexibility. Increase in one performance is typically associated with decrease in the other performance, which is termed by strategic management and organizational management theorists as the problem of "ambidexterity". The problem, however, has neither attracted enough attention nor be solved appropriately to date. Additionally, with the development of information systems, whether and how IT is able to lead to process ambidexterity has been an attractive yet open question with significant theoretical and practical implications. Borrowing from IT business value comprehensive model, ambidexterity theory and relational view of the firm, this paper investigates the role of IT in solving the problem of process ambidexterity.Specifically, this paper identifies two types of business processes:intra- and inter-organizational processes, to which different research methods are applied in the present study.First of all, as to the influence of IT on business process in organizations, the matched sample comparison group methodology is employed to assess the relationship between superior IT capability and process and firm performance. Sixty-five public corporations ("the strong IT enterprises") are deliberately selected from "Informatization Enterprise 500" in China are employed as the treatment sample, matched in size and industry by a carefully selected control samples of firms ("the weak IT enterprises"). By using the panel data from 2003 to 2008, our find that the process ambidexterity and several critical performance indicators of the strong IT enterprises group are superior than those of the weak IT ones, which manifests that enterprises with strong IT capability are more likely to achieve process ambidexterity, and hence higher organizational performance.Secondly, based on the research conclusions above, the influential mechanism of IT on supply chain ambidexterity is further investigated. Drawing on relational view of the firm, a path model of supply chain ambidexterity enabled by IT is developed, which suggests that inter-organizational IT integration impacts supply chain ambidexterity directly, and concomitantly the relationship is mediated by the other two relationship-specific assets:knowledge sharing and process coupling. SEM package is utilized to test multiple competing models empirically using 156 firms’ samples from different parts of China. The findings reveal that interorganizational IT integration, accompanied by other relational assets, has a significant influence on supply chain ambidexterity. Alternatively, while the balance dimension of supply chain ambidexterity impacts organizational performance significantly, the combined dimension does not. The outcome indicates that the balance of supply chain efficiency and flexibility is more relevant, as opposed to increased absolute value.Three major conclusions are therefore drawn from the two studies earlier, that is, organizations can reach process ambidexterity by (1) strengthening IT capability, (2) investing in other inter-organizational relationship-specific assets concurrently, and (3) it is the balance of process efficiency and flexibility, rather than increase of their absolute value that matters to organizational performance.The theoretical implications of the study include the development of the process ambidexterity realization model based on ambidexterity theory, which enriches IT business value research, especially in the context of supply chain. From the perspective of practice, the study supplies a new thinking framework for management, and calls managers’ attention to the conflict of process efficiency and flexibility from ambidexterity theory. Furthermore, two kinds of relational assets:relationship-specific process coupling and knowledge sharing, and the complementary relations between them and IT, have significant roles in supply chain ambidexterity and need to be highlighted. Finally, limitations of the current study and avenues for future research are discussed.更多还原