【作者】 徐凤；

【导师】 彭岚嘉；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2010， 博士

【副题名】以动物报恩、土地、月亮和再生原型为例

【摘要】 从理论上说,原型的能指与所指在西方经历了三次大的转变,即在古代神学、宗教学和柏拉图哲学中原型所指单一而能指混乱不清；在荣格的精神分析学中原型的能指得到了统一,其所指被三级延展；弗莱将原型引入文学的研究领域使其能指和所指完全文学化。20世纪80年代西方原型理论正式被译介入中国,迄今为止,它在中国学界经历了三个主要的发展阶段：宏观译介的认识期、暂时萧条的内化期和批评创新的发展期,使西方理论进一步中国化,为中国文学的原型研究提供了理论依据。就具体的中国文学原型而言,动物报恩母题经历了从表达宗教思想到反映和批判现实的发展变化,在新时期小说中它侧重于呼唤人道主义,在新世纪小说中又侧重于反衬自然生态和人的精神生态危机,使这一原型的文学表达具有了鲜明的批判功能。土地既是传统农民赖以生存的物质基础,也是游子们的精神望乡,更是广大农民孜孜以求的对象,由此农民又产生了掠夺土地、安土重迁等另一种土地意识；20世纪80年代以后,随着现代都市文明的发展农民对土地的看法又发生了改变,他们不再把土地看作生活资料的唯一来源,把生活的目光纷纷转向了现代都市,使农民与土地之间的关系由密切走向疏离。尽管月亮意象的象征内涵古今没有太大的变化,但它的表达背景都带上了鲜明的时代特色,同时这些艺术表达也不再是一种孤立的预设而是一种相互渗透、相互交叉的现实描写。再生母题则在历经了从唯心向唯物的转变之后侧重于对现实生活和精神再生的描写,也使其带上了浓厚的现实主义表达色彩。另外,本文还通过对具体原型的古今比较和现代表达的概括性研究,试图将比较的结果上升为一种文学经验,力求概括出这些原型间的表达共性,使个案映射出原型在发展和表达上的一些共同规律,为文学原型的研究开辟了一条新的路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 In theory, the signifier and the signified of the archetype have occurred three big changes in the west, namely the signified of the archetype is single and its signifier is very confused in the ancient theology and religion and Plato’s philosophy. The signifier is unified; the signified is extended for three times in the psychoanalytic theory of Jung. Frye cited the archetype into the study field of the literature, and let the signifier and the signified take on the clear literature color. In the 1980s, the archetype theory is translated and introduced into China, it through three main development phases:the cognitive period of macro translation and introduction, the internalization period of temporary wane, the development period of criticism and innovation. It makes the western theory further Sinicize and provides the forceful theory for the study of the archetype of Chinese literature.In terms of the specific archetype of Chinese literature, the motif that the animal reward the kindness have go through the change from expressing the religions thought to criticizing the actuality, it paid particular emphasis on calling humanism in the novels of New Period and expressing the ecological crisis in the natural world and the spirit of human being in new century literature, those let the literature expression has clear critical function. The land is not only the material basis on which the conventional peasant relies for survival, but also the spirit home and the object seeking assiduously, this so cause other land consciousness of peasants, such as robbing land, hating to leave a place where one has lived long. After the 1980s, with the development of modern urban civilization the attitude of the peasant had changed, they are regard the land as the only origin of the means of subsistence no longer, on the contrary, they are regard the modern urban as the ideal place on where one lives, this cause the relation between peasant and land has detached from the previous close. The symbolic connotation of the moon image despite hasn’t happened the big change from ancient times to the present, but its expresses has all got the striking feature of modern society, at the same time, the expresses aren’t a isolated following point no long, but a description to the real world mixed and crossed each other. The regeneration motif focuses on the description to the realistic life and the spirit regeneration after changed from idealism to materialism, and brought the rich realistic color.In addition, the paper also strive to rise the compared outcome to a literature experience and summarize their expression commonality of the archetype after the generality study to the specific archetype by the compare between ancient and modern and the analysis to the modern express. This make the individual case reflect some general rules in development and expression of archetype and open a new path for the study of the literature archetype.更多还原