【作者】 孟宏；

【导师】 翟婉明；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 为了满足铁路运输需求,铁道部相继研制开发了适合提速需求的铁路技术装备—提速机车车辆。随着车辆运行速度的不断提高,由于动态环境的恶化,提速机车车辆出现了不同程度的运行性能恶化和一些关键零部件的可靠性下降问题,已危及运营安全。最为突出的问题是横向动力学性能不能满足提速要求,主要表现为横向运动稳定性差。因此,提速机车车辆横向运动稳定性问题已成为我国铁路实现跨越式发展亟需解决的课题之一本文在简要回顾国内外铁路技术发展以来经典动力学以及车辆—轨道耦合动力学在研究横向运动稳定性方面所做的研究工作的基础上,基于大系统耦合动力学理论(以车辆动力学、轨道动力学为基础,以轮轨关系为联系纽带,应用数值仿真的方法来研究车辆动力学性能)以及其在研究车辆横向运动稳定性的科学性和可靠性,充分考虑提速机车车辆结构特点,拟定了以仿真分析为基础,结合试验研究进行提速车辆考虑轨道弹性的横向运动稳定性的研究思路。车辆—轨道耦合动力学模型的正确性和完善程度对仿真结果的可靠性起着决定性的作用。为此,本文参考相关文献根据提速车辆结构特点,比较完善地建立、补充和修正了研究的提速机车车辆的动力学分析模型。车辆模型中将机车车辆视为多刚体系统,充分考虑了车辆结构零部件车体、摇枕、构架(侧架)、轮对的横移、沉浮、侧滚、摇头、点头自由度以及车辆悬挂系统的各种非线性因素。轨道模型引用有砟轨道模型。轮轨关系是机车车辆、轨道之间相互作用的联系纽带,为此本文轮轨模型引用了轮轨空间接触几何关系、轮轨法向Hertz非线性弹性接触理论、轮轨切向蠕滑理论,来研究轮轨相互作用。借助各种分析工具,系统地分析研究了车辆系统参数变化对车辆横向运动稳定性的影响,为提速车辆横向运动稳定性研究提供了支持,初步开展了装配误差对车辆横向运动稳定性的影响分析,为检修和磨耗限度制定提供了参考,同时还进行了车轮不同磨耗状态对车辆横向运动稳定性的试验研究。本文针对工程实际课题—提速车辆,应用车辆—轨道耦合动力学仿真软件TTISIM对SS7E提速机车、120km／h提速平车、160km／h快速集装箱平车进行了详细的仿真计算分析研究,并结合试验验证进行了对比分析研究,再度验证了耦合动力理论及TTISIM的可靠性。同时,应用NUCARS、SIMPACK软件以及TTISIM对提速货车横向运动稳定性的综合研究,为货车120km／h提速提供了必要基础。通过提速机车车辆横向运动稳定性的研究,得出结论：对于提速机车横向运动稳定性研究主要应关注一系定位刚度和减振器性能、状态等；对于提速货车横向运动稳定性研究主要应关注减振系统状态、一系定位系统参数和常接触弹性旁承性能与状态：而对于160km／h快速集装箱平车横向运动稳定性研究则既要关注一系定位刚度又要关注常接触弹性旁承提供的回转阻力矩。工程应用研究表明,对于机车车辆与轨道多因素相互耦合影响的系统,采用机车车辆—轨道耦合动力学理论考虑轨道结构弹性研究机车车辆横向运动稳定性更有效,同时也要关注试验验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 To meet the demand of railway transportation, the speed-raising rolling stock, which is a key component of railway equipments, is developed in succession by the Ministry of Railway in China. With the increase of running speed, the reliability of some key components declined and the running performance of speed-raising rolling stock was worsened. These problems have endangered the safety of operation. The most serious problem is that the lateral dynamic performance cannot meet the speed-raising demand in presentation of deteriorated lateral running stability. So the lateral running stability of speed-raising rolling stock has become an urgent subject to be solved in the great-leap-forward development of Chinese railways.This thesis briefly reviews the history and current situation on the study of lateral stability fields of classical dynamics and vehicle-track coupled dynamics in China and other countries. According to the vehicle-track coupled dynamics and its scientificity and dependability in the study of lateral stability, the research approach to investigate the lateral stability of speed-raising vehicles running on elastic tracks is drafted by combination of numerical analysis and experimental test.The validity and perfection degree of the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model play decisive roles in the dependability and accuracy of the simulation results. According to the structural characteristics of speed-raising rolling stock, the dynamic models of speed-raising rolling stocks were set up and modified in this paper. In these models, the rolling stocks are regarded as the multiple rigid body system, all kinds of movements of the car body, bogie and wheel-set, and various non-linearity factors in vehicle suspension system are fully considered. Dynamics model of ballast track is used in vehicle-track coupled dynamics model.Wheel/rail interaction is the connection between the rolling stock and track. This thesis quotes the principles of wheel/rail spatial geometric constrains, wheel/rail Hertz non-linear elastic contact theory, and wheel/rail creep theoryWith various kinds of analytic tools, the effects of parameters of vehicle on its lateral stability are analyzed and technical support is offered by the systematical research results. The effect of assembling errors of vehicle components on the lateral stability is analyzed tentatively and finally the reference is offered for overhauling and the wear limit in future. Meanwhile, experimental test is carried out to study the effect of wear status on the lateral stability.In this thesis, dynamic performance of the speed-raising locomotive SS7E,120km/h speed-raising freight wagons, and 160km/h fast container flat car are analyzed detailedly using the train-track dynamics simulation software TTISIM and the numerical results are verified by the field test results. The software of NUCARS and SIMPACK were also used to analyze lateral stability of the 120km/h truck.Some results are obtained from this study. As to the lateral stability of the locomotive close attention should be paid to the primary suspension stiffness and shock absorber as to the speed-raising vehicle, close attention should be paid to the status of the shock absorber, primary suspension rigidity and side bear; as to the 160km/h fast container flat car, close attention should be paid to the primary suspension stiffness as well as the turning resistance moment of the side bear.更多还原