【作者】 张明亮；

【导师】 胡振琪；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学（北京） ， 环境科学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 煤矸石山的露天堆存导致了严重的环境问题和社会问题,已成为煤矿区环境治理的重要课题。本文以中国和美国典型矿区煤矸石为例,采用室内模拟等方法研究了煤矸石产酸特性和重金属形态、释放规律及粉煤灰与马粪堆肥对重金属的污染控制。利用酸碱计算法(ABA)和净产酸潜力法(NAG)对煤矸石产酸进行了预测并证明了两种方法的可行性；比较和评价了煤矸石产酸潜力和中和潜力分析方法,最后提出了煤矸石产酸潜力测定的一些科学建议。利用改进的欧共体参比司(BCR)法分析了煤矸石重金属赋存形态,并利用美国TCLP、ASTM、SPLP等静态淋溶法和野外动态淋溶法研究了重金属的释放特性。采用柱状淋溶实验揭示了粉煤灰在控制煤矸石酸性和重金属复合污染具有较好的效果,其中分层覆盖比表层覆盖效果更佳,并系统讨论了重金属共沉淀、粉煤灰吸附等控制重金属污染的机理。利用批处理试验和柱状淋溶试验分析了马粪堆肥对煤矸石模拟淋滤液重金属Pb、Cu、Cd和Zn的单一吸附和复合离子的竞争性吸附及其动力学特征,表明马粪堆肥具有很好的吸附效果,并揭示离子交换是主要的吸附机理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal waste piles have led to serious environmental problems and social problems, which has become an important issue for coal mining area environment. In this paper, taking coal waste and overburden as an example, the acid properties and heavy metals forms, leaching rule and comprehensive prevention and control measures were studied by using on laboratory and field tests and other methods. The acid producing potential and neutralization potential of coal waste and overburden were analyzed by using acid-base method (ABA) and net acid potential method (NAG), and the recommendations of different acid producing methods and some suggestions were put forward. The heavy metals forms of coal waste were analyzed by using of BCR method and the release characteristics of heavy metals were revealed by using of the United States TCLP, ASTM, and SPLP method. The effectiveness and feasibility of heavy metals and acidic pollution control by using fly ash were studied by using column leaching experiment, and the comparison of different coverage of fly ash also were analyzed, the mechanism of heavy metals pollution control pollution including the co-precipitation and fly ash adsorption were revealed. By using of batch leaching tests and column leaching experiment, the adsorption of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in single and competitive adsorption on horse compost and its kinetic characteristics were studied, and the results showed that the compost could be used as bio-solid materials to control heavy metals of coal waste, and the main mechanism of adsorption is ion exchange.更多还原