《学灯》与五四新文化运动

【作者】 吴静；

【导师】 黄瑚；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 新闻学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文试图从主要内容、传播方式和态度立场等方面,重新解读五四新文化运动中《时事新报》副刊《学灯》的历史面貌和风格特征,并对《学灯》等参与新文化运动的报纸副刊之历史地位及当时副刊与杂志之关系进行再评价。五四新文化运动时期,以《学灯》为代表的传播新思想和新文化的报纸副刊的出现,是新文化运动深入发展的要求。从外部因素看,早期新文化运动的存在问题客观上向新的报刊媒介发出了接续和扩大传播力量的要求;副刊参与新文化运动是中国报业发展的历史选择。从内部因素看,《学灯》以最早传播新文化的副刊出现,是五四新文化建设中的重要刊物之一,体现了研究系在遭受政治挫折后转向思想文化领域的努力。《学灯》在传播内容上表现出坚守文化本位的风格,填补了1919年五四事件前后新文化运动在报刊宣传上的部分空档,为新文化运动的深化发挥了关键作用。《学灯》最早从教育入手参与新文化运动,扩大了新文化运动的启蒙图景。《学灯》以学术研究为特色建设新文化,从根本上构筑新文化运动的思想文化根基。紧接着,它还扩大了文学革命的成果,是新诗的创作和研讨中心,也担任过现代文学直接扶持者的重要角色。《学灯》在思想文化领域的坚守,以及它对新文化运动在广度和深度上的拓展,使其成为这一时期新文化运动的一个重要阵地。《学灯》以构建公共论坛为主要传播方式,为五四时期的知识分子提供了一个针对新文化运动的重要的公共活动空间。《学灯》确立了作为新文化运动公共论坛的自我定位,采取开放的编辑方式,广泛吸纳新文化界的各种言论。创办名牌栏目和设置讨论议题是《学灯》使用的主要方法,它们有利于培育开放、平等的公共讨论空间并实现读者的意见汇聚。通过构建公共论坛,《学灯》聚集了一批以知识阶层为主的读者和作者群,它自身也成为了新文化人的联系纽带。但这个公共论坛是有局限性的。《学灯》在五四新文化运动所采取的渐进态度是一种重要的思想启蒙方式,为新文化运动的持续发展提供了思想资源和文化动力。在关于新旧文化的讨论中,《学灯》以理性和客观的态度看待新旧文化的关系;在新文化运动高歌猛进的发展过程中,《学灯》能较早地反对运动中的各种激进做法,并探索前进的思路,有利于新文化运动的持续发展。因此,本文的结论是:在五四新文化运动中,《学灯》是一份通过传播新思想和新文艺来开展新文化建设的进步刊物,它以独树一帜的风格在新文化运动的关键时刻和重要方面都发挥过主动引领运动深入发展的作用。在运动的深化阶段,副刊对新文化建设具有不可或缺的意义,它作为一股独立的媒介力量,与杂志一道共同推动着新文化运动的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the content, communication method, position and attitude, the research plans to interpret the history and characteristics of the China Times supplement, Xuedeng, and reappraisal its historical contribution and other newspaper supplement in the New Culture Movement.In the period of the New Culture Movement from 1915-1923, the reformation of Xuedeng, which standed for the newspaper supplement publishing new culture, reflected the needing of deeply development of the New Culture Movement. In the outside factor, the New Culture Movement needed more mass media to communicate because of some problems in it. And the newspaper supplement publishing new culture was the historical choice for Chinese newspaper industry. In the inner factor, Xuedeng, which was the first newspaper supplement in the New Culture Movement, was related to the researching party at that time.The content in Xuedeng focused on new culture and made the crucial impact the New Culture Movement. Firstly, Xuedeng began with discussing educational problem; secondly, it paied more attention to academic research, to build the basement of the New Culture Movement; thirdly, Xuedeng also made good effect to the modern literature. As a result, Xuedeng improved the New Culture Movement, and became one of the important parts of the New Culture publishing.In the form of establishing a public forum, Xuedeng offered an important public active space for intellectuals in the New Culture Movement. Xuedeng editored openly, and absorbed various ideas widely. The main method for establishing the public forum was promoting famous columns and setting topics. According to this public forum, Xuedeng acquired many audiences, who were intellectuals mostly, and it became one of the ligaments of these intellectuals. However, the public forum had limitation.Xuedeng holded a gradual attitude in the New Culture Movement, which was also an important form in Enlightenment Thought. In the discussion about new-old culture, Xuedeng was rational and objective; in the development of the New Culture Movement, Xuedeng opposed radicalism and explored various new ways.So, in the New Culture Movement, Xuedeng, which published the new thought and new literature, was one of the important media for the new culture construction. It had special style and made crucial effect on the New Culture Movement, in particular factors and stages. In the period of deepening of the New Culture Movement, the newspaper supplement was a kind of indepentent and important mass media, improved the development of the New Culture Movement with magazines.更多还原