【作者】 宋东风；

【导师】 王忠贤；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 我国改革开放已经三十年整,这期间我国的经济由传统的“优先发展重工业”为主要特征的国家主导型战略逐步被以市场取向和国家宏观调控相结合的农轻重协调发展、多种经济成分并存、城乡大中小型企业共同生存的工业化战略所取代。从1978年党的十一届三中全会开始,中小企业(主要是一些民营企业)逐步进入人们的视野,在随后的20多年间以勃勃生机成了市场经济的重要力量。1997年,党的“十五大”进一步明确了社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度是以“公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展”的模式,从此,以往在“制度外”生长的非公有制中小企业被列入了我国现阶段的基本经济“制度内”正式成分。中小企业,特别是中小工业企业的蓬勃发展和迅速崛起,正在成为国家工业化的重要“一翼”和国民经济中极其重要的组成部分。然而,中小企业现在的形势不容乐观,存在着很多这样的或那样的问题。为了保证我国大多数中小企业能够长期地生存下去,能够为国家的经济发展做出应有的贡献,为人民的生活富裕带来高质量的产品,企业的制度创新就成了当务之急。本文选择中小企业组织制度创新作为研究的内容。企业组织创新是企业中的管理者为使组织系统适应外部环境的变化或满足组织系统自身内在发展的需要,对内部各个子系统及其相互作用机制的创造性调整、开发和完善的过程。目前国内外对企业创新的研究主要集中在技术创新和制度创新方面,而对组织创新的研究相对较少,把企业组织创新作为一个系统并从广义的角度来研究组织创新更是不多,且主要沿用新制度经济学中的交易费用分析框架来研究组织创新。由于这一分析框架存在局限性,使原本就不多的组织创新研究难以贴近企业实际。而目前我国企业在创新实践中普遍存在着组织创新与技术创新和其他制度创新相脱节,与企业核心竞争力的培育和提升结合不紧密的现实问题,影响了企业的创新效益和竞争优势。因此,开展中小企业组织创新研究显得非常迫切,既有重要的理论价值又有切实的现实意义。本研究正是针对目前我国中小企业面临多变的环境和激烈的竞争挑战及在创新实践中存在组织创新滞后、组织创新与企业核心竞争力的培育和提升相脱节等现实问题提出来的。论文共分为八章。第一章导论。从研究背景出发,分析了研究的目的和意义,总结出创新的重要性,然后对国内外中小企业组织创新的研究现状进行了综述,继而介绍了本论文的研究思路和研究方法,最后指出了论文的创新之处。第二章中小企业组织创新基本理论。首先对中小企业做了概念的界定,然后对传统的企业组织理论进行了分析评价,最后对企业组织创新理论的概念和内容进行了界定。第三章中小企业组织创新环境。首先回顾了我国中小企业组织发展的历史,然后对中小企业发展的现状进行了阐述。最后分别从内外两个方面对中小企业发展的环境进行了详细的分析。第四章中小企业的功能创新。在定义了企业组织功能之后,分析了中小企业功能的构成要素,概括性的总结了中小企业的组织功能,并针对当前中小企业的实际情况,提出了中小企业组织创新的四大功能并加以分析。把这些新的功能上升为中小企业组织创新的主要内容。第五章中小企业组织结构设计创新。文章从组织结构的历史沿革开始,分别归纳了中小企业组织结构设计的理论基础,进而分析了中小企业组织结构设计的权变因素,最后对中小企业组织结构设计的内容进行了全方位的分析,提出在中小企业组织结构设计时设立一个战略发展委员会,并对战略委员会的功能和表现方式进行了分析。第六章中小企业组织机制创新。首先探讨了中小企业组织动力机制创新,其次分析了中小企业组织创新的方式,继而分析了中小企业组织创新的过程,最后对中小企业组织创新的障碍进行了总结。第七章中小企业组织创新实证分析。以青岛电冰箱厂为例,这个曾经亏损的中小企业经过20多年的发展,逐步成长壮大为国际知名的大企业海尔。本章重点从组织创新的角度来考察青岛电冰箱厂成长壮大的历史。通过对青岛电冰箱厂历史的回顾,深入分析了青岛电冰箱厂组织创新的过程,总结了海尔集团过去组织创新的主要成效与启示,最后提出了中小企业组织创新的海尔路径。第八章中小企业组织创新趋势。总结了中小企业在新形势下的新特点,中小企业组织结构面临的挑战,提出组织创新的新思维,最后对中小企业组织创新的方向进行了探讨。本论文的研究思路是在大量收集国内外关于中小企业组织创新理论的基础上,试图从宏观的角度来研究中小企业的组织创新。并在理论研究述评之后,从中小企业面临的内外部环境的变化开始分析,提出了中小企业组织创新的必要性和紧迫性,然后分别从中小企业组织的功能创新,中小企业组织的结构设计创新和中小企业的组织创新机制等几方面进行了深入的探讨。本文的主要贡献是抓住经济生活中占有绝对数量的中小企业发展中面临的问题,从宏观的角度来把握中小企业组织创新所面临的环境变化,提出了中小企业功能创新的四大内容,继而从中小企业组织结构设计方面进行了全方位的研究,提出在组织结构设计时设立一个战略发展委员会的创新型设计,并且从企业组织动力机制创新方面进行了深入的探讨。特别是通过实证研究提出中小企业组织创新的一个理念:观念创新是基础,战略创新是主导,文化创新是保证,组织创新是根本。更多还原

【Abstract】 During last 30 years of our country’s reforming and opening, our country’s business economic has changed gradually from the national leading strategy, taking the tradition“priority to the heavy industry”as the chief feature, to industrialization strategy, which the market orientation and the national macroeconomic combine, the agriculture and light industry and heavy industry coordinate development, diversified economy ingredient coexist, the city and countryside major and medium Small business co-existence unifies. From 1978 the Third Plenary Session of the party’s start small and medium enterprises (mainly the number of private enterprises) and gradually enter the outlook of people, in the subsequent 20 years to its vitality and has become an important force in the market economy.In 1997, the party“15 big”, it was further clear that the basic economic system in the socialism initial stage, which is taking“the public ownership system as a main body, the many kinds of ownership system economy communal development”, and then, the non-public ownership system small and medium-sized enterprise, which had been included“outside the system”formerly, has been included“in the system”of our country present stage basic economy. The small and medium-sized enterprise’s, specially the small Industrial enterprise’s vigorous development and rises rapidly, is becoming the national industrialization’s important“a wing”and the extremely important constituent in the national economy. However, the small and medium-sized enterprise’s present situation is unoptimistic, has many such or such problem. In order to guarantee that our country majority Small and medium-sized enterprises can survive for a long time, can make the proper contribution for the national economic development, can bring the high grade product for people’s life in plenty, enterprise’s institutional innovation becomes the urgent matter. This paper is on the small and medium-sized enterprise organization institutional innovations.Enterprise organization innovation is the enterprise system administrator to enable organizations to adapt to changes in the external environment or to meet their own internal organizational development needs, the internal mechanism of interaction between the various subsystems and their creative adjustments, to develop and perfect the process. At present, the enterprise innovation’s research mainly concentrates on the technological innovation and the institutional innovations domestic and foreign, in the meanwhile, the organization innovation’s research are relatively few, taking the enterprise organization innovation as a system and studying the organization innovation from the generalized angle is fewer. It is mainly studied in the transaction cost analysis frame of the new system economic, as a result, this analysis frame’s limitation make no many organization innovation research be difficulty to draw close to the enterprise reality. Now, enterprise’s innovation benefit and the competitive advantage has been affected the realistic question, which the organization innovation comes apart the technological innovation and the institutional innovations, units not closely with the enterprise core competitiveness’s cultivation and the promotion generally in the innovation practice of our country’s enterprise. Therefore, carrying out the small and medium-sized enterprise organization innovation research appears very urgent, both has the important theory value and the profound practical significance. This paper is put to solve the realistic question, which our country’s small and medium-sized enterprise faces with challenge of the changeable environment and the keen competition, and which the organization innovation lags, the organization innovation comes apart with the enterprise core competitiveness’s cultivation and the promotion in the innovation practice.The paper is altogether divided into eight chapters.Chapter one: Introduction. This chapter mainly explains the title selection background, researching purpose; summarizes the importance of innovation from the Jin business’s prosperity and decline; brief surveys the domestic and international research dynamic status; states the research thoughts, methods and possible innovations.Chapter two: The basic theory of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Organization Innovation. Firstly, define the small and Medium-sized Enterprise. Then, analyze and appraise the traditional enterprise organization theory. Lastly, define the enterprise organization innovation theory concept and the content.Chapter three: The environment of Small and medium-sized enterprise organization innovation. Firstly, look back into the small and medium-sized enterprise organization development history. Then, carry on the elaboration to the small and medium-sized enterprise development’s present situation. Finally, summarize separately the small and medium-sized enterprise development’s environment from inside and outside two aspects.Chapter four: The small and medium-sized enterprise’s function innovation. In the definition of enterprise organization, the analysis of small and medium-sized functions of the constituent elements, summed up the general function of small and medium-sized organizations and small and medium-sized for the current actual situation, put forward a new small and medium-sized organizations and the four function analysis. These new features up to small and medium-sized organizations, the main elements of innovation.Chapter five: The small and medium-sized enterprise’s organizational structure innovation. The organizational structure of the article from the beginning of the history, respectively, are summarized in the structural design of small and medium-sized organizations, the theoretical basis for further analysis of the organizational structure of the design of small and medium-sized contingent factors, the final design of the organizational structure of small and medium-sized content of all-round analysis In the small and medium-sized design of the organizational structure of the establishment of a Strategic Development Committee and the Strategy Committee of the function and expression were analyzed.Chapter six: small and medium-sized enterprise’s organization innovation mechanism.First has discussed the power mechanism, next has analyzed the organization innovation pattern, then has analyzed the organization innovation process, finally has carried on the analysis to the organization innovation barrier.Chapter seven: An Empirical Analysis of innovative small and medium-sized organizations in order to grow from a small and medium-sized to large enterprises internationally renowned Haier for example, by recalling the history of the Haier Group, from the perspective of organizational innovation Haier inspection. Haier-depth analysis of the process of organizational innovation, Haier Group, summed up the main results of organizational innovation and enlightenment, and finally put forward the innovation of small and medium-sized organizations Haier path.Chapter eight: small and medium-sized enterprise’s organization innovation trends summed up the small and medium-sized enterprises in the new situation under the new features of the organizational structure of small and medium-sized enterprises face the challenges of organizational innovation to the new thinking, the final organizational innovation for SMEs in the direction of the study.The present paper research mentality is collecting massively domestic and foreign about in the small and medium-sized enterprise organization innovation foundation, attempts to study the small and medium-sized enterprise from the macroscopic angle the organization innovation.And after fundamental research commentary, faced the internal and external environment change from the small and medium-sized enterprise to start to analyze, proposed the small and medium-sized enterprise organization innovation necessity and the pressing, then separately from the small and medium-sized enterprise organization’s function innovation, the small and medium-sized enterprise organization’s structure innovation and the small and medium-sized enterprise innovation mechanism and so on several aspects have carried on the thorough discussion.The main contribution of this paper is to seize the economic life of small and medium-sized possession of the absolute number of the problems faced by developing, from a macro point of view to grasp innovative small and medium-sized organizations facing environmental changes, put forward the innovation of small and medium-sized features four content, then from the structural design of small and medium-sized organizations carried out a full range of research design in the organizational structure of the establishment of a strategic development of its innovative design, and from the enterprise organizational innovation dynamic mechanism of an in-depth. In particular through the empirical study of small and medium-sized organizations, innovative concept: the concept of innovation is the basis for strategic innovation is the dominant, cultural innovation is the guarantee, and organizational innovation is fundamental.更多还原