【作者】 万庆良；

【导师】 蓝海林；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 进入21世纪以来,随着中国经济转型的进一步深入和国际竞争环境的改变,国内区域制度落差和区域经济发展水平的差异,导致出生于小城市的优秀民营企业的总部选址问题凸显,获取制度优势和市场优势成为企业获得持续竞争优势的重要方式,也成为民营企业实施全球战略、布局全球竞争的一种组织形式和制度安排。在前人研究的基础上,本文对区位优势理论进行了深刻的反思。结合前人的研究和中国制度转型期的特殊环境,本文将民营企业总部选址的重要影响因素概括和归结为洼地效应和政治资源。本文认为:(1)中国经济转型的渐进性、分权性和试验型特征所带来的制度落差,客观上使得民营企业为获取政治优势而追求政治资源的以制度为基础的战略思维方式成为其重要战略问题解决的首要思路。(2)中国经济转型的渐进性、分权性和试验型特征所带来的市场差异,客观上使得民营企业为获取市场优势而追求市场资源的以资源为基础的战略思维方式仍然在其战略制定和执行中起着基础性的作用,在小城市的洼地效应和中心城市的区位优势之间的选择构成了民营企业总部选址的重要因素。基于系统动力学的观点,本文详细分析民营企业总部选址决策的两种驱动力量:促使民营企业总部再选址的力量和阻碍民营企业总部再选址的力量,在此基础上构建了本文的概念模型。基于以制度为基础的战略观点和以资源为基础的战略观点,本文将民营企业总部选址的两种驱动力在制度因素和市场资源的框架下进行归纳和总结,详细分析洼地效应和政治资源对民营企业总部选址决策的作用,在此基础上构建了本文的研究框架。鉴于研究问题的特殊性,本文采取了案例研究的方法。通过资料获取的可信性、模式匹配的程度、命题建立的合理性、研究过程的严谨性和可靠性检验保证案例研究的科学性。通过深度访谈、相关报道和查询公司历史资料三种方法获得研究资料和数据,通过三角验证以保证资料的可信性,并通过构念效度、内部效度和信度三个方面进行检验。通过对8家案例企业总部选址决策的深入分析和讨论,得到如下的主要研究结果:(1)中国经济转型特殊的政治和经济环境对民营企业总部选址决策具有实质性影响,对洼地效应和政治资源的追求成为民营企业应对政治和经济环境的重要方式。(2)中国经济转型的特殊环境造就了不同区域、不同层次的政府所拥有的政治资源具有实质性差异,民营企业不得不在追求政治资源的战略思维指引下考虑企业总部选址决策。(3)中国经济转型的特殊环境造就了民营企业在出生地的洼地效应,民营企业不得不在追求市场资源的战略思维指引下慎重考虑企业总部选址决策。(4)企业商业模式对洼地效应和政治资源的使用方式存在实质性差异,导致企业商业模式的洼地效应关联性、市场化程度、政治资源依赖性、政治资源优化性等因素成为民营企业总部选址决策的中介变量。(5)高层管理者的价值观在企业总部选址决策中具有非常重要的作用,无论是政治资源还是洼地效应,以及作为中介变量的商业模式,都通过企业高层管理者的价值观在企业总部选址决策中得以充分体现。研究结果显示,在洼地效应方面,企业商业模式的市场化程度、商业模式的地域性以及企业家对洼地效应的追求显著影响民营企业的总部选址决策。在政治资源方面,企业商业模式的政治资源关联性、商业模式的政治资源优化性以及企业家对政治资源的追求显著影响民营企业的总部选址决策。本文的研究结果表明,中国民营企业的总部选址决策在经济转型背景下表现出独特的特征:对政治资源的追求和对洼地效应的权衡。这种特征即体现了中国民营企业总部选址的特殊规律,也映射了中国经济转型的成果和存在的问题。基于对中国民营企业总部选址规律的认识,本文的研究结论既能够为民营企业总部选址决策提供理论指引,也能够为中国经济转型的进一步深入提供理论建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 When entering the 21st century, with further in-depth economic transition and the changes of the international competition environment, China faces a new challenge. That is the institutional gaps and economic differences among regions within China have prominently resulted in headquarter relocation problems for those private firms who have outstanding performance but were born in small cities. This problem implies that obtaining institutional advantages and market advantages have become an important approach for firms to gain sustainable competitive advantages, and also become an organizational form and institutional arrangement for private firms to implement global strategy and arrange global competition. Based on previous studies, this paper conducts a profound reflection to the location advantage theory. Incorporating with the previous studies and the specific circumstance of Chinese institutional transition, this paper summarizes the important factors of headquarters relocation decision-making in private firms and categorizes them into two factors: the political resource and the lowland effect. The paper argues that: (1) the institutional gaps, caused by the gradual, decentralized and experimental economic transition, objectively make the private firms form an institution-based strategic thinking mode that they should pursuit political resources to gain political advantages. This thinking mode becomes a dominant idea of solving strategic problems. (2)The market differences, caused by the gradual, decentralization and experimental features of Chinese economic transition, objectively make the private firms form a resource-based strategic thinking mode that they should pursuit market resources to gain market advantages. Such thinking mode plays a fundamental role in the formulation and implementation of strategies. The choice between the lowland effects of small cities and the location advantages of central cities constitutes an important factor for Chinese private firms to decide headquarters location.Based on the theory of System Dynamics, this paper raises two driving forces of headquarters location decision-making: the promoting driver and the preventing driver. Further, the conceptual model is constructed. Based on the institution-based view and the resource-based view, this paper summarizes the two driving forces for headquarter location decision-making under the framework of institutional factors and market resources, analyses the influences of political resources and lowland effects on headquarter location decision-making in private firms in detail, and constructs the research framework.Given the specificity of the research questions, this paper adopts the case study approach. The methodology is guaranteed by the credibility of information, the matching extent of patterns, the rationality of hypotheses, the stringency of the research process and the reliability of testing. The research materials and data were obtained by three ways, including deep interview, reports and historical information. The credibility of the data is ensured by triangulation verification. The data are tested through construction validity, internal validity and reliability.Through deep analysis and discussion of eight cases in headquarters location decision-making, this paper got some findings as follows: (1) the specific political and economic environments of China during the economic transition have substantive impacts on headquarter location decision-making in private firms. Pursing lowland effects and political resources become an important way for private firms to deal with political and economic environments. (2) The specific environment of China’s economic transition has created substantial differences in political resources owned by governments between different regions within China. Private firms have to consider headquarter location in order to get political resources. In fact, this consideration already becomes a thinking mode in Chinese private firms. (3) The specific environment of China during the economic transition has generated the lowland effects to private firms in their birthplaces. Private firms have to decide their headquarters location carefully under the strategic thinking mode of pursing market resources. (4) The business models turns out to have substantially different impacts on the usage of lowland effects and political resources, which reveals that the variable of business model, including the level of marketization, the dependence on political resource, and the optimization of political resources, are mediate variables between, lowland effects, as well as political resources, and the headquarter location decision-making. (5) The value of top managers plays a very important role in the headquarters location decision-making process. No matter whether it is political resource or lowland effect, as well as the mediated variable——business model, it is fully reflected through the values of top managers in the headquarters location decision-making process.The results show that, as far as the lowland effect is concerned, the level of marketization of the business model, the geographic location of the business model and entrepreneurs’motivation of pursuing lowland effects have significant impacts on headquarters location decision-making in private firms; As far as the political resource is concerned, the relevance of political resources of the business model, the optimization of political resources of business model, as well as the entrepreneurs’pursuit of political resources, have significant impacts on headquarters location decision-making in private firms.The research results indicate that, the headquarter location decision-making in Chinese private firms shows unique characteristics in the context of economic transition. That is, the pursuit of political resources and the trade-off of lowland effects. These characteristics reveal a specific law of headquarter location decision-making process in China, which also implies the status quo of China’s economic transition process. Based on the understanding of the specific Chinese law of headquarter location decision-making process, our conclusions can not only provide a theoretical guidance for headquarter location decision-making in private firms, but also provide a theoretical proposal for further researches on China’s economic transition.更多还原