【作者】 吴洪涛；

【导师】 武春友； 郝芳华；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 技术经济与管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 目前,在我国处于水源地的农业流域,环境灾害问题、环境污染问题和三农问题交汇出现,这不仅影响了水源地农业流域自身的可持续发展,也威胁到了其下游的水资源安全。本文以我国北方水源地农业流域(简称农业流域)为研究对象,通过构建针对一般的农业流域的循环经济通用模式,以及针对具体农业流域的循环经济评价方法和循环经济具体模式构建方法,为农业流域的循环经济工作提供理论参考和实践途径,以帮助实现农业流域的可持续发展。本文主要的研究内容和结论如下:(1)在农业流域系统分析的基础上,界定了农业流域循环经济的概念、农业流域循环经济通用模式和农业流域循环经济具体模式的概念,论述了农业流域循环经济的相关理论,并基于此提出了具有显著系统性和层次性的农业流域循环经济的理论框架,为农业流域的循环经济理论及其模式研究提供了研究基础。(2)根据农业流域循环经济理论框架,提出了三层次复合的农业流域循环经济的通用模式,即微观层次的传统工业企业循环经济通用模式、农产品加工企业循环经济通用模式和农业流域农户庭院循环农业通用模式,中观层次的子流域循环经济通用模式和流域层次的农业流域循环经济通用模式。此通用模式对某个具体流域循环经济模式的构建提供了可以参照的模式框架,并为一般农业流域的循环经济工作提供了理论参考,具有一定的推广意义。(3)从服务农业流域循环经济具体模式构建的角度出发,提出了定量分析和定性分析相结合的农业流域循环经济评价模型。此模型综合运用了以下五方面评价方法:一是基于SWAT水文模型的广义水资源评价模型;二是基于生态足迹分析的农业流域循环经济发展水平评价方法和土地利用评价方法;三是基于Delphi法和AHP法的农业流域循环经济发展限制因素评价方法;四是基于比较优势指数法的农业流域主导产业/产品评价方法;五是SWOT定性分析评价方法。应用此评价模型在碧流河上游流域进行了农业流域循环经济评价,从而详细说明了其使用方法。应用研究结果表明,本文提出的评价模型能够为农业流域循环经济具体模式的构建提供较为可靠和较为丰富的凭据。(4)提出了以农业流域循环经济具体模式优化设计为核心的农业流域循环经济具体模式的构建方法。并应用此方法在碧流河上游流域构建了碧流河上游流域循环经济模式(包含子流域循环经济模式和“七位一体”庭院循环农业模式),从而详细说明了农业流域循环经济具体模式的构建方法。应用研究结果表明,本文提出的具体模式构建方法能够用于某个具体农业流域的循环经济模式构建。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, environmental hazards, environmental pollution and "the three rural" problems occur frequently in the agricultural watershed (i.e. AW) in the water source place in our country, which has not only affected the sustainable development of the AW itself, but also threatened the security of downstream water resources. Taken the AW in the water source place in North China (AW, for short) as the research object, this thesis can provide theory references and practice ways for AW circular economy (i.e. CE) practices to achieve the sustainable development of AW, by constructing the general models of CE for general AWs, the CE evaluation method and the specific CE models construction method for specific AW. The main research contents and conclusions of this thesis are as flows:(1) Based on AWCE system analysis, the AWCE concept, the AWCE general model concept and the AWCE specific model concept are defined, and then the AWCE related theories are discussed. Based on all this, an AWCE theory frame with remarkable systematic and layered characteristics is proposed, which provides a research basis for AWCE theory and its models study.(2) Based on the AWCE theory frame, AWCE general models with three levels compound are constructed, which include the general models of tradition industrial enterprise CE, agricultural products processing enterprise CE and farmer courtyard circular agriculture at microscopic level, the general model of sub-watershed CE at intermediate perspective level, and the general model of AWCE at regional level. These general models provide a pattern frame to some specific AW and theory references for general AWCE practices, which are worth popularization.(3) From the view of serving specific AWCE models construction, a quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis unified AWCE evaluation model is proposed, which synthetically utilizes following five evaluation methods: first, the general water resource evaluation model based on the SWAT hydrological model; second, the general AWCE development level evaluation method and land use evaluation method based on foot print analysis; third, the evaluation method of AWCE development limiting factors by Delphi and AHP methods; forth, the dominant industries and products evaluation method mainly based on the relative comparative advantage index assessment; last, the SWOT qualitative analysis method. Furthermore, in order to explain the method of application in details, this AWCE evaluation model is applied to Biliu upriver watershed. The application results show that this evaluation model can provide more reliable and extensive basis for specific AWCE models construction.(4) Taken the optimization design of AWCE specific models as the core, a construction method of AWCE specific models is proposed. Furthermore, in order to explain the method of application in details, this method is applied to Biliu upriver watershed. As the results, the farmer courtyard "Seven-in-one" circular agriculture model of Biliu upriver watershed, the Sub-watershed CE model of Biliu upriver watershed, and the CE model of Biliu upriver watershed are constructed. The application results show that this construction method can be used to construct CE models for some specific AW.更多还原