中国现代象征主义诗学研究

【作者】 柴华；

【导师】 罗振亚；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪中国新诗的发展是一个不断走向现代化的过程,置于其中的中国现代象征主义诗学也具有一种强烈的现代化诉求,突出表现为对“诗本体”的热切关注和积极构建。论文把对“诗本体”的探求作为现代象征主义诗学的阐释起点,以其在诗歌本质、艺术形式、审美价值等方面的核心命题为主脉,展示它们在不断提升的本体自觉中获得的饱满的诗学内涵,考察它们在诗歌写作、诗歌批评、诗歌论争等领域的真实存在状态,试图揭示现代象征主义诗学体系建构的复杂情境及其“合法”地位获得的曲折历程。论文分为三部分:绪论、正文和结语。绪论部分主要对现代象征主义诗学的阐释起点、品格特质以及研究思路与方法等预设层面的问题进行说明。论文认为,20世纪上半叶,现代象征主义诗学从观念更新、诗艺变革到审美动向,都表现出回到“诗本体”的努力,它把“诗本体”作为自身艺术追求的基本命脉,通过纯诗、象征、意象、晦涩等核心命题的张扬,建构起一个独特的诗学本体空间。为此,只有从“诗本体”的角度出发,才能对现代象征主义诗学体系的丰富内涵予以准确地分析和阐释,才有助于在深层次上理解和把握诗学建构的艰难历程及其所具有的重要意义。同时,对“诗本体”的探求也赋予现代象征主义诗学极为特殊的品质与风格,表现出鲜明的现代性特征。论文规避了“现代发展进程论”和“中西融合论”两种习见的论证思路,综合运用现象学、符号学、接受美学等批评与研究方法,将诗学研究的关注点由静态的观念阐释转入动态的发展生存空间,注重发掘诗学命题在体系建构中的存在活力,努力显示其维护自身诗学“地位”的抗争精神。第一章首先对研究对象予以整体性观照。中国现代象征主义诗学的美学探索直接受到了西方象征主义诗学的影响,因此对后者的诗学体系和发展态势进行探究则显得十分必要,论文在法国象征主义运动的背景下,对法国象征主义诗学内质和后期象征主义的诗学拓展作出简要的叙述。在此基础上,论文勾勒了现代象征主义诗学自我建构的基本图景:在中国社会复杂变换的现实语境中,现代象征主义诗学体系从起步建设到成熟深化及至融合转化,始终是一种合目的与合规律的呈现;它立足于新诗现代化的现实需要,实现了中国传统诗学与西方诗学的会通,使核心命题的丰富内涵获得了中西方诗学双重背景的支撑;它充分面对中国新诗的创作实践,努力注重现代诗歌的本体特质,对诗学本体始终持有自觉的建构意识,这些极具现代意义的本质特征映现了诗学建构主体的精神风貌。此外,接受者在特定的文化语境和社会环境下对象征主义的重新命名,彰显出现代象征主义诗学在本土化过程中所发生的变异。第二章侧重考察现代象征主义诗学对“纯诗”之路的本体探寻,以期揭示“纯诗”这一诗歌本质观念丰富的存在样态。在新诗现代化趋向的导引下,现代“纯诗”观念从克服新诗“散文化”的流弊出发,经过自身的积极建设与适时反思,在不断强化的审美自觉中完成了观念内涵的诗学创新。深厚的意蕴所具有的审美效应使“纯诗”观念成为新诗批评领域的评价准绳,并随着现代“纯诗”批评体系的确立,为自身赢得了新的生存空间。由理论层面向实践层面的转化,也是现代“纯诗”观念验证自身的一个重要环节,经初期象征派、现代派和“九叶派”诗人的实践“改造”,“纯诗”观念与“纯诗化写作”在新诗现代化这一“杠杆”的作用下,紧密结合为矛盾的统一体。社会时代背景的变换使现代“纯诗”观念存在的“合法性”受到质疑和指责,引发了对立双方的诗学论争,在对论争过程和焦点问题梳理之后,论文剖析了阻碍现代“纯诗”观念发展的复杂原因。第三章通过对象征、意象、音画、陌生化等象征主义形式法则的诗学整合,展现了现代象征主义诗学对诗本体的探究在艺术创造上所达到的深度。象征作为新诗发展的一种理想境界,引起了诗论家们的普遍关注,他们在“暗示”思维原则的引领下,从理论到实践构建起一个独特的象征文法的表达空间,而象征理路从意象化到戏剧化的内在延展则是象征主义诗论家的诗学创见。论文从意象内旨的本体流变、意象传达的审美策略、意象知性品格的塑造等问题着手,集中探讨了象征主义意象之维的诗学建构和艺术新变。现代象征主义诗学艺术形式的魅力还突显为对音画与陌生化的个性探求,它们顺应了新诗“诗质”的现代审美动向,弥合了现代新诗话语言说与现代主体意识之间的错位分离。第四章以颇具争议的“晦涩”话题作为阐释核心,意在廓清“晦涩”作为现代象征主义诗学审美观念的真实面貌,在复杂的言说中辨识其所获得的价值认同。论文认为,就新诗现代特质而言,“晦涩”是一种现代诗歌审美价值观,它针对新诗发展的流弊应运而生,随着新诗诗质的探寻而得到张扬,最终在象征主义诗学的脉动中获得极具现代意义的本质内涵。“晦涩”也引发了新诗批评领域对它的多维阐释,在剖析“晦涩”成因的同时,阐释本身也是对“晦涩”审美观念作出的一种价值估衡。“晦涩”作为诗歌审美价值观的“合法性”成为不同诗学立场者之间辩论纷争的焦点,论文在厘清论争的复杂纠葛之后,强调外在的政治意识形态对评判“晦涩”观念的干预。论文特别关注了现代解诗学对“晦涩”的体认,批评家通过解诗逐层揭示“晦涩”的诗学真谛,表达了对“晦涩”诗歌审美价值观的无声认同。结语部分对中国现代象征主义诗学的重要意义及其在当下所具有的影响力进行综合审视,并就建构主体的诗学思考作出批判性认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of Chinese poetry in the 20th century is an ongoing process of modernization. Situated in one of them, the modern Chinese Symbolism-Poetics also has strong demands, especially on the earnest attention and positive construction of the poetry noumenon. The thesis makes the exploration of "poetic ontology" as the starting point of expiation of the modern Chinese Symbolism-Poetry. And with its nature in poetry, art forms, aesthetic value of the core proposition of the main vein. It also shows the full meaning of the poem obtained during their increasing process. By observing their poetry writing, poetry criticism, poetry controversies and other areas of real exists, the author attempts to reveal the complex system and situations of the modern Symbolism-Poetics construction and the tortuous course of its "legal" status.This thesis is divided into three parts: preface; main body; conclusion.The preface mainly explains the starting point of the modern Symbolism-Poetics, the core proposition and the thoughts and methods on the description level. In this thesis, the author thinks on the first half of the 20th century, from the update of concept, the change of the aesthetic judgment to the art trends; the modern Symbolism-Poetics has shown great effort on the returning to the "poetic ontology". It puts forward a very important poetic question about "poetry ontology" based on the basic construction of its own lifeline. This concern about the "poetry noumenon", its "legitimacy" in history comes from the study of the arts in self-discovery of classical Chinese poetry. Historical traditions and actual performances show that only from the "poetic ontology" side, the rich connotation of the system of the symbolism of modern poetry can be accurately analyzed and explained. In a higher level, it is also helpful for us to understand and grasp the difficult course of the poetic construction and its significance. In general, the study of the symbolism of modern poetry is mainly expressed by the core proposition and construction of the look of pure poetry, symbol, image and obscurity. This thesis avoids the two demonstrated ideas of the "modern theory of the development process" and "fusion of Chinese and Western". The integrated use of the Phenomenon of Study, Symbols, and Reception Aesthetics change the focus of the poetry study from the static concept explanations into the development of dynamic living space. It pays attention on exploring the vitality of the proposition of poetics system and demonstrates the spirit of striving for the "status" of its own poetry.Chapter I gives the comprehensive examination to the object at first. The aesthetic exploration of the modern Chinese Symbolism-Poetics is directly affected by the impact of the symbolism of Western poetry. Thus it is very necessary to study the latter system and to explore its development trend. In the background of the movements of the French Symbolism-Poetry, this thesis makes a brief study of the nature and the expansion of the French Symbolism-Poetry. This thesis makes a basic picture of the self-construction of the symbolism of modern poetry: in the reality of the complexity of Chinese society, from the start to the deepening integration of the modern symbol of poetic system, there has always been a combined presentation of the purposes and regularity. Based on the practical needs of modern poetry, it makes the implementation of traditional Chinese poetics and Western poetics. So that it gets double support from the core proposition of the rich connotation of Chinese and Western poetry. It fully faces the creative practice of Chinese poetry, and strives to pay attention to the nature of modern poetry, and there has always been conscious awareness of the construction the poetic noumenon. These modern senses of the essential characteristics represent the spirit of the main body of the poetic construction. In addition, the re-naming of symbolism which given by the recipients based on the reality of specific environment and cultural context, demonstrates the variations in the process of localization.Chapter II focuses on the exploration of the noumenon of "pure poetry" in modern Symbolism-Poetry, with a view to reveal the complex existences of the nature concept of poetry. In the lead of modern trends in poetry, the modern concept of "pure poetry" has overcome the "prose style" of poetry, through positive construction and proper introspection; it obtained an innovation of poetics in the constant strengthen reflection of aesthetic. Profound implication of the aesthetic made the concept of "pure poetry" as a standard of the poetry and with the criticized establishment of the modern "pure poetry"; it won itself a new living space. The transformation from the theoretical to the practical aspects was also an important part for modern "pure poetry" to verify the concept of its own. After the transformation by the poets of early symbolism, modernism, and "Nine leaves", the concept of "pure poetry" and the "pure poetry writing" made a close combination with contradictions by the "leverage" of modern poetry. The "legitimacy" of modern "pure poetry" was challenged and criticized because of the transform of the society, causing the poetics debate between the opposing sides. After sorting out the process and the focus of controversies, this thesis analyzes the complex causes which hinder the development of the concept of modern "pure poetry".Chapter III shows the depth of exploration on the noumenon of artistic creation of the symbolism of poetry by conforming symbol, image, picture, strange forms of symbolism. As an ideal realm of the development of poetry, symbol causes a widespread concern from the critics; under the guidance of the principles of "implied" thinking, they build a unique space which is expressed by the symbol grammar from theory to practice. This thesis focuses on the poetic construction and the art variations of the imaginable dimensionality of symbolism by analyzing the evolution of the imagery ontology, the aesthetic strategy of image convey and the shaping of the intellectual image. The charm of the art forms of modern Symbolism-Poetry also highlights the exploration on pictures and specialties. They conform to modern aesthetic trends of the "poetry quality" in modern poetry; meanwhile it also builds a new bridge between the languages of modern poetry and the main sense of dislocation.Chapter IV adopts the controversial topic of "Obscurity" as the core interpretation. It intends to clarify the truth of "Obscurity" which was considered as the concept of modern Symbolism-Poetry and to show its value in the complex statement. In the author’s opinion, on the characteristics of modern poetry, "Obscurity" is a kind of aesthetic values of modern poetry. It arose at the moment with the abusive development of modern poetry, and was made widely known with the search for the quality of modern poetry and ultimately attained the essential quality of modern sense in the development of Symbolism-Poetics. "Obscurity" also led to a multi-dimensional interpretation in the critical field of modern poetry, in the analysis of "Obscurity", the interpretation itself also made a valuable estimation on the concept of "Obscurity" after clarifying the complexity of disputes. This thesis pays particular concern to the identification of modern poetry. The critics gradually recognize the aesthetic values of "Obscurity" on modern poetry after revealing the true meaning of "Obscurity" on modern poetry.The conclusion makes a comprehensive look about the importance and the influence of the modern Chinese Symbolism-Poetry. It also makes a comprehensive critical cogitation of its connotation and construction of modern poetry.更多还原