【作者】 张颙；

【导师】 郑有良； 杨武云；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本研究以国审小麦品种川麦42与川农16杂交,经多代培育构建的127个重组自交系（RILs）群体为供试材料,对其品质相关性状及抗条锈性状进行了遗传分析和QTL定位研究。主要结果如下:1.对蛋白质含量、籽粒硬度、沉淀值、面筋指数、干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、公差指数、断裂时间、粉质质量指数、降落值、迟熟α-淀粉酶活性等13个品质性状在“川麦42”和“川农16”构建的127个重组自交系（RILs）中的的变异性状,以及其与抽穗期、株高、有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重、单穗重、籽粒产量等7个农艺性状的相关性研究表明,蛋白质等13个品质性状在重组自交系群体中变异较为丰富,并且性状表现大多呈正态分布;除吸水率与其它品质性状相关较少外,蛋白质含量、籽粒硬度、干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、沉淀值、面团形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间、公差指数、粉质质量指数、降落值等品质性状之间大多都表现出显著或极显著的相关关系:13个品质性状与7个农艺性状间也大多都呈显著或极显著的负相关,表明在供试材料中品质性状和农艺性状间存在一定的矛盾。同时,也检测到迟熟α-淀粉酶在群体中的分布符合一对等位基因控制的1:1的遗传分离规律。2.利用人工合成六倍体小麦衍生品种“川麦42”与“川农16”构建的127个重组自交系（RILs-8）群体,将179个SSR标记定位到21条染色体上,构建了总长为2251.1cM遗传连锁图,标记间的平均距离为12.5cM,平均每个染色体有8.5个标记。利用该图谱对品质性状进行了QTL分析,13个品质性状共检测到44个QTL,主要分布在1A、1B、2D、3D、4A、4D、5A、5B和7D等9条染色体。单个QTL可解释表型变异4.48%-66.15%,来自亲本川麦42的有26个（占59.1%）,主要涉及蛋白质、稳定时间、形成时间、公差指数、降落值、沉淀值等重要性状,而具有正向加性效应的QTL有16个。来自亲本川农16的QTL有18个（占40.9%）,主要涉及干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、粉质质量指数、断裂时间等性状,其中9个QTL具有正向加性效应。3.本研究采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（A-PAGE）,分别对小麦品种“川麦42”和“川农16”及其构建的127个重组自交系（RILs）群体的贮藏蛋白（HMW-GS和醇溶蛋白）变异进行了检测和分析。结果表明,RILs群体的Glu-A1、Glu-B1和Glu-D1位点编码亚基分别为双亲类型的1、6+8或20,2+12或5+10,没有新的亚基类型产生,同时检测到（1,6+8,2+12）、（1,20,5+10）、（1,6+8,5+10）和（1,20,2+12）等4种亚基组合,其中重组组合（1,6+8,5+10）出现频率最高。亚基5+10比2+12有增强沉淀值、面筋指数和稳定时间,及降低干面筋、湿面筋含量和公差指数的效应,亚基6+8比20有增强面筋指数的效应,亚基组合对品质性状的影响依次为（1,6+8,5+10）＞（1,20,5+10）＞（1,6+8,2+12）＞（1,20,2+12）。供试材料共分离出39条迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,ω区18条、γ区10条、β区4条、α区7条,平均每个供试材料分离出14-25条带。其中仅有4条共有带,共得到113种多态性带型,其中ω和γ区醇溶蛋白带纹组成最为丰富,而β区最低。在RILs群体中检测到8条不同于双亲的新带型,7条存在于ω区,1条存在于γ区。各电泳谱带在群体中出现的频率差异较大,其变化范围为0.78%-100%。聚类分析表明,RILs群体在相似系数为0.61的水平上,被划分为两个亲本类型群,其中类Ⅰ主要来源于川农16,有26个株系,其余101个株系中都与亲本川麦42聚在类Ⅱ中,每一类在不同的相似系数处又可以分成多个亚类,类群间的关系基本反映了该RILs群体的亲缘关系。4.对小麦品种“川麦42”与“川农16”重组自交系群体中的1BL/1RS易位和人工合成种SSR位点的遗传效应分析表明,来源于亲本“川农16”的1BL/1RS易位血缘在自交系群体中与抽穗期、单株分蘖、成穗率和小穗数等4个主要农艺性状有显著或极显著相关,而与大多数品质性状的相关性不显著。同时也发现1BL/1RS易位系通过降低沉淀值和提高公差指数影响小麦的品质:在重组自交系群体中共鉴定出40个来源于亲本“川麦42”的人工合成位点SSR位点,其中有18个人工合成种SSR位点均与所测品质性状呈显著或极显著相关关系,约占总人工合成种位点的45%,其中7个人工合成种位点对品质有正效应,5个位点有负效应,表明“川麦42”中的人工合成种血缘对后代群体的品质性状影响较大。5.将“川麦42”分别与高感条锈小麦品种“绵阳26”、“绵阳335”杂交和回交,获得杂交F₁、F₂、BC₁群体,其中,“川麦42×绵阳26”、“川麦42×绵阳335”F₂群体分别为208和337株,“川麦42/绵阳26//绵阳26”、“川麦42/绵阳335//绵阳335”BC₁,分别为171和216株;利用条锈菌小种条中32号（CYR32）对抗感杂交的F₁、F₂、BC₁群体接种,结果显示,所有F₁代对条中32都表现免疫或高抗,F₂代群体中抗∶感分离比例均符合3R∶1S理论比例,BC₁群体抗∶感分离比均符合1R∶1S理论比例。说明“川麦42”对“条中32”的抗性由1对显性基因控制。“川麦42”所含抗条锈基因YrCH42分别与1BS上Yr24和Yr26等位性测定表明,在分离的F₂群体中都未出现抗病株,说明YrCH42、Yr24和Yr26可能为相同基因。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the cross between ’Chuannongl6’ of high yield and good quality trait,and ’Chuanmai42’,a highly yielding and resistant variety to yellow rust derived from Synthetic hexaploid wheat,127 recombinant inbred lines（RILs） were obtained.Using these RILs, the QTLs controlled the quality traits were detected,and the gene resistance to yellow rust was analyzed..The main results were described as following:1.The performances of 13 protein and starch characters and 7 agronomic characters were detected,and the majority of these characters had the normal distributions in this RILs population.Except for the water absorption,the protein content,grain hardness,dry glutenin content,wet glutenin content,glutenin indexes,sedimentation value,development time,stability time,time to breakdown,mixing tolerance index,farinograph quality number and falling number were significantly related to each other.The majority of the 13 quality characters were significantly negatively related to the 7 agronomic characters.The distribution of late maturity a-amylase（LMA） in RILs was 1:1,which was in accordance to the segregation rate of one pair allele.2.Forty-four QTLs were obtained after the analysis of 13 protein and starch characters in 127 RILs and their parents ’Chuannong 16’ and ’Chuanmai42’,the these QTLs were allocated to 9 chromosomes:1A,1B,2D,3D,4A,4D,5A,5Band 7D.A single QTL could explain 4.48%-66.15%of the phenotype variation.Twenty-six QTLs,mainly related to characters of protein,stability time,development time,mixing tolerance index, falling number and sedimentation value,were derived from ’Chuanmai42’,among which 16 QTLs were found to be have positive addictive effects.Eighteen QTLs,mainly related to dry glutenin content,wet glutenin content,farinograph quality number and time to breakdown,were derived from ’Chuannong16’,among which 9 QTLs had positive addictive effects.3.The results of SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE electrophoresis indicated that the parents ofRILs,’Chuannongl6’ and ’Chuanmai42’,had the subunit combinations of 1,6+8,2+12 and 1,20,5 + 10,respectively.No mutant subunit was detected in RILs population.In the RILs,four subunit combinations were（1,6+8,2+12）,（1,20,5+10）,（1,6+8,5+10） and （1,20,2+12）,among which the frequency of the combination（1,6+8,5+10） were the highest.Compared to subunit 2+12,the subunit 5+10 had to the positive effects on sedimentation value,glutenin index and development time,while had the negative effects on value of glutenin,wet glutenin content and mixing tolerance index.Compared to subunit 20,subunit 6+8 resulted in the larger index of glutenin.The effects of different subunit combination on the quality characters followed the order of（1,6+8,5+10）＞（1,20, 5+10）＞（1,6+8,2+12）＞（1,20,2+12）.4.The 127 RILs were rich in the genetic polymorphism of gliadin.A total of 39 gliadin bands and 113 band combinations were detected.The number of protein bands in each RILs varied from 14 to 25.The frequency of each band in 127 RILs varied from 0.78%to 100%.The pattern of gliadin bands were 18,10,4 and 7 in the four zones of co,γ,β,andα,respectively.There were 4 common bands.Eight new bands were detected, among which 7 and 1 were observed in co zone andγzone,respectively.The cluster analysis indicated that two distinctive clusters were separated at the analogue index of 0.61, among which 26 RILs and ’Chuannong16’ were clustered into in groupⅠ,while 101 RILs and ’Chuanmai42’ were clustered into groupⅡ.5.The effects of 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome on quality and agronomic characters detected in RILs derived from the cross between ’Chuanmai42’ and ’Chuannong 16’.The presence of 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome had the significant effectes on days from emergence to heading,tillers per plant,spikes per plant and spikelet numbers per spike,but its effects on the majority of the quality characters were not significant.The 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome could lead to lower sedimentation value and higher mixing tolerance index,and consequently the poorer wheat quality.Forty loci specific to synthetic hexaploid wheat were detected in RILs,among which 18 loci were significantly correlated to quality characters. 6.The genes resistance to yellow rust in ’Chuanmai42’ were studied in the F₁,F₂ and BC₁ populations of the crosses of ’Chuanmai42’ to susceptible varieties ’Mianyang26’ and ’Mianyang335’.The segregation ratios of resistant and susceptible plants after the inoculation of race CY32 of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici indicated that the resistance was controlled by one dominant gene,temporally named as YrCH42.The further analyses indicated that YrCH42 was located at the same locus of Yr24 and Yr26,and no virulent isolates of P.striiformis f.sp.tritici has been found.更多还原