【作者】 张志祥；

【导师】 杨俊一；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2009， 博士

【副题名】以多背一公斤为个案

【摘要】 随着整个社会志愿精神的扩散以及互联网技术的发展、应用,基于互联网开展工作的网络草根组织开始大量涌现。它们串联于虚拟与现实之间,不仅有着不同于传统NGO的组织特征和运作逻辑,而且也面临着与传统草根NGO同样的生存与发展困境。面临内外部的诸种资源约束,为满足组织要素运作之所需,网络草根组织是如何进行资源动员呢?围绕这一核心问题,本文以多背一公斤为研究个案,以组织社会学、网络社会学理论为主,同时吸收资源动员理论和社会网络理论的观点,首先揭示了网络草根组织的生发背景并对其组织要素进行了分析,从而指示了网络草根组织资源动员的框架和文章的论述线索。在此基础上,本文通过探讨由组织参与者、组织的结构特征和组织间互动所形成的三个层次的资源动员过程,以及在此过程中有限理性与行动者反思性的中介作用,概括出了网络草根组织资源动员的一般模式。运用规范理论研究、参与观察和深入访谈等相结合的研究方法,本文的主要研究贡献与发现在于:1、为NGO研究领域的拓展及深化提供了新的材料。网络草根组织作为一种新的社会现象和重要的组织创新形式,学术界对它们的研究和讨论尚处于起步阶段。本文借助于个案的剖析发现,网络草根组织的运作机制、组织结构、人员安排、工作职责与方法均与传统NGO存在显著差异,而且,在网络社会的背景下,它们的存续与行动对中国公民社会的形成与发育也具有重大的意义。2、为组织研究提供了新的视角。(1)与以往单纯从组织参与者、组织结构以及组织与外部环境关系这三个视角中的某一个进行组织研究的传统路径不同,本文尝试综合这三个分析视角,探讨网络草根组织在运作中如何通过沟通行动以及适度的策略行动等调适努力以获取有利于其持续发展的资源,从而更恰当和完整地理解网络草根组织的性质、组织结构和组织发展过程。(2)有别于以往把组织要素和组织的资源动员相分离进行分析的思路,本文认为,目标、参与者、技术、社会结构和环境等组织要素是由组织所获取的各种资源所构成的,要素与资源之间相互嵌套。3、对组织要素的分析结果表明,网络草根组织与传统NGO在各个组织要素的构成上存在不同程度的差异,这就导致网络草根组织在组织结构、行为模式上具有明显的“虚实二重性”特征。从组织要素的分析中衍生出了网络草根组织的运作要素——理念、网络和参与者,以及网络草根组织赖以存续的理由——创新、参与。由此本文提炼出了网络草根组织的运作机制,即:借助网络的力量,应用创新的运作手段和模式,在志愿参与体系中,各种公益理念落地开花。4、本文通过对网络草根组织产生、发展、变革的全面考察,探索性地回答了开篇提出的研究问题:面对组织内外部的资源约束,在不断的自我调适过程中,网络草根组织形成了独具特色的资源动员模式——以网状开放型的组织结构为依托,采用社会化和公益营销的方式,通过与社会公众、政府、企业、媒体及其它NGO等社会主体的良性互动,构筑起组织内外部的参与体系,最终实现网络资源动员与现实资源动员的整合。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the pervasion of whole social volunteerism extensively and with the development and application of internet technology, a number of the cyber grass-roots organizations based on the internet begin to emerge. They are active between the virtual and reality. And they not only have organizational characteristics and operational logic different from traditional NGOs, but also face the same predicament of survival and development as traditional grass-roots NGOs. In face of myriad resource constraints from inside and outside, how do the cyber grass-roots organizations mobilize resources in order to meet the need of the operation of organizational elements?Centering on this core issue, taking“1KG More”as research case and the theory of organization sociology and internet sociology as primary theory, at the same time absorbing the resource mobilization theory and social network theory, this dissertation starts with revealing the growing background of the cyber grass-roots organizations, and analyzes its organizational elements, which indicates the framework of mobilizing resources of the cyber grass-roots organizations and discussion clue of the article. On this basis, through the explore of resource mobilization process of three levels formed by organizational participants, organizational structure characteristics and organizational interaction, as well as the intermediary effect of bounded rationality and actors’reflexivity, this dissertation sums up a general model of resource mobilization of the cyber grass-roots organizations.Using the research methods combined with normative theoretical research, participant observation and in-depth interviews, etc., the main conclusions in this dissertation are as the followings:1. This dissertation provides new materials for the expanding and deepening of NGO research field. The cyber grass-roots organizations are a new social phenomenon and an important form of organizational innovation. The research on them is still at the starting stage in the academic circles. By means of the analysis of the case, this dissertation find that the cyber grass-roots organizations and traditional NGO have significant difference in the operating mechanism, organizational structure, personnel arrangement, work duty and method. Moreover, under the background of the network society, the existence and actions of the cyber grass-roots organizations have great meanings to the formation and development of Chinese civil society.2. This dissertation provides new perspectives for organization study. (1) Different from the traditional organization study path, which is simply from one of these angels of organizational participants, organizational structure, as well as the relationship between organization and external environment, the research attempts to integrate the three perspectives, so as to probe into the fact that how the cyber grass-roots organizations take self-adjustment efforts such as communicative actions and strategic actions in the operation to obtain resources for the continuous development, then to understand the nature, organizational structure and organizational development process of the cyber grass-roots organizations more felicitously and inexpensively. (2) Different from the previous analysis separating organizational elements from resource mobilization, through the case study, this dissertation discovers that organizational elements, such as objectives, participants, technology, social structure and environment, are composed of various resources that organizations have obtained. Furthermore, resources and elements are embedded each other.3. The analysis results of organizational elements show that there are differences of different degrees in each composition of organizational elements between the cyber grass-roots organizations and traditional NGO. It leads to the fact that the cyber grass-roots organizations have obvious“virtual and reality duality”on organizational structure and behavior pattern. Moreover, the operational factors of the cyber grass-roots organizations——idea, network and participant can be derived from the analysis of organizational elements, along with the two core values of their existence and persistence——innovation and participation. Based on these findings, this dissertation has abstracted the operating mechanism of the cyber grass-roots organizations, namely: by dint of the power of network, applying of the innovative operation means and modes, various public service ideas have fallen and blossomed in the voluntary participant system.4. Through the overall investigation of generation, development and innovation of the cyber grass-roots organizations, this dissertation has answered the research problem exploringly at the beginning: facing resource constraints inside and outside, the cyber grass-roots organizations have formed distinctive model of resource mobilization among the constant self-adjustment. Relying on network-opening organizational structure, using socialization and commonweal marketing way, the cyber grass-roots organizations construct organizational participation system inside and outside by right of positive interaction with these social principal parts, such as public, government, enterprise, media and other NGOs, and achieve the integration of network resources mobilization and reality resource mobilization ultimately.更多还原