【作者】 周全霞；

【导师】 周惠明；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 食品科学与工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 民以食为天,民食安全关系国计民生,是古今中外都必须关注和解决的问题。当代中国是一个有13亿人的人口大国,其民食安全状况在整个世界粮食安全系统中具有举足轻重的位置。人均耕地资源不足、自然灾害频发的基本国情使中国的民食安全成为世界关注的焦点。莱斯特·布朗的《谁来养活中国》一文曾引发了世界范围内关于中国民食问题的大讨论,也促使相关学者对此作出深入的研究和思考。清代康雍乾时期被称为我国封建史上最后一个“盛世”,同时也是一个人口激增和灾荒多发时期,其民食安全保障的难度及取得的成效在中国历史上具有一定的代表性,因而研究康雍乾时期的民食安全,对解决当代中国和世界的民食安全,都具有较强的现实意义和较高的学术价值。本文在研究中主要采用社会科学和自然科学相结合、定性与定量相结合、部分和整体相结合的研究方法。全文基本思路和逻辑结构如下:首先对康雍乾以前的民食安全做一回顾,把康雍乾以前分为夏商及其以前、两周、秦至魏晋南北朝、隋至两宋、元明五个历史阶段,分别就各阶段的民食安全进行总结梳理,为深入研究康雍乾时期的民食安全问题做历史铺垫。其次,主要从自然和社会两个方面分析了康雍乾时期影响民食安全的因素。自然因素方面,先分析中国所处的宏观地理状况,进而具体分析康雍乾时期特有的地理环境;社会因素方面,从清代人均耕地面积的变化、经济作物的广泛种植、非生产性消费与民食的阶层分配差距等角度一一展开论述,提供了一个认识影响这一时期民食安全因素的全景视野。再次,梳理总结了康雍乾时期保障民食安全的思想和政策措施。思想是行动的先导,行动是思想的具体体现,梳理康雍乾时期保障民食安全的思想,便于深刻认识这一时期保障民食安全的历史现实。它可以总结为:以一贯之的重农富民追求,崇尚节用的俭约取向,重视粮食的区域调控。政策措施是本研究的主要组成部分,主要从民食生产、节约积贮、流通、仓储、赈济等五个主要方面总结了这一时期民食安全保障方面的政策和措施。最后对康雍乾时期民食安全政策与措施加以评析,在评析过程中没有采用传统的正反两方面分析法,而是把自然科学的研究方法引入到历史学科的研究中,采用定量和定性相结合的方法,对这一时期的赈济标准、赋税蠲免、禁酒政策、仓储规模等进行分析研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Food is the paramount necessity for people. Relating to the national economy and the people’s livelihood, food security is a important concern and problem at all times and in all over the world. As a populous country with a 1.3 billion population in current China, the safe condition of its people’s food holds the pivotal position in the overall system of World Food Security. With the basic national conditions of comparatively inadequate per-capita share of cultivated land and a frequent natural calamity, Chinese food security condition has become the focus of the world’s attention. There has been a worldwide great debate about the issue of Chinese food security after the publishing of Lester Brown’s Who Will Feed China, hence prompted the related researcher to carry out intensive research and further thinking about it.The reign period of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in Qing dynasty is called as the last grand time of peace and prosperity in Chinese imperial dynasty history. It is also a time of population explosion and frequent natural disaster. The difficulty and effect of its food security has certain representative in Chinese history. Therefore, the research on the people’s Food Security during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong takes strong practical significance and great academic value for the purpose of solving the food security problem in China and the world today.The research methods of this project are the combination of the analytical methods of social science and natural science, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, partial analysis and integral Analysis. The text’s main contents and logical organization are as follows:Firstly, it reviews on Food Security Condition before Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong and divides the period before Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong into five historical stages: Xia-Shang and its before, the Western and Eastern Zhou dynasties, from Qin to Wei-Jin-Northern-Southern Dynasties, from Sui to Northern-Southern Song, Yuan and Ming. It summarizes the respective food security problem of each period, which laying the groundwork for the intensive study on food security the problem of Kang-Qian grand times.Secondly, it analyzes from both natural and social factors that Affecting People’s Food Securiy during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. About the natural factors, it analyzes firstly the macroscopic geographical condition and then the specific analysis of the characteristic geographical environment during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. Concerned the social factor, it elaborates from different perspectives such as the change of per capita quantity of cultivated land in Qing Dynasty, widespread planting of cash crop, unproductive consumption, food distribution inequality among various social strata and so on. It provides a panoramic perspective on the understanding about the factors of this period that affecting people’s food security.Thirdly, ideology precedes action and action reflects ideology. It clears up the ideas, policies and measures of safeguards for people’s food security in this period in order that gaining a better sense of governmental policies and measures. The ideas are summarized as consistent striving for advocating agriculture and enriching people, advocating frugality, and paying great attention to the regional coordination of foodstuffs. Policies and Measures are the main parts of this research it summarizes the policies and measures from five aspects which including foodstuffs production, frugality and accumulation, circulation, warehousing, relieving.Finally, it evaluates and analyses on the safeguard policies and measures of people’s food security during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong.Discarding the traditional methods of analyzing from pro and con and using some research techniques of natural science, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis to investigate the relieving standard, tax remission, prohibiting policy of alcohol, and warehouse scale .更多还原