【作者】 李国平；

【导师】 汤哲声；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2008， 博士

【副题名】民国小报巨擘《晶报》研究

【摘要】 小报是现代都市中最受市民们喜爱的文化快餐,又与期刊、大报副刊并列为现代通俗小说的三大载体,对大众文化和通俗小说都有着极其重要的意义。本文选取最能代表现代上海小报风格的“小报之王”《晶报》为个案,探讨现代小报的生存境遇及其在内容方面迥异于大报的特色,以期对小报与现代通俗文学、大众传媒的关系获得更深入的理解。引言部分概述了此前关于小报及《晶报》的研究成果,并提出了本文的研究思路与方法。第一章简要考察了《晶报》的发展历史,并由此出发论定其在现代通俗文学史上的地位与价值。本文将《晶报》20余年的发展史分为三个时期,归纳了每个时期不尽相同的特点。通过与同时期小报及众多大报的比较,本文做出了《晶报》是兼容文艺作品和社会新闻为一体的综合性小报的判断。本文还详细分析了导致《晶报》停刊的内外两方面的原因,提出《晶报》的停刊是“内外交困”的结果,纠正了此前关于《晶报》停刊原因的不实传闻。第二章以大量的小品、笔记以及论争文字为立论的基础,详细分析《晶报》的话语策略。本文认为,在内容方面,《晶报》赖以吸引读者的“特质”主要是三个方面,即以区别于大报的趣味性来赢得读者(其趣味性在游戏文、社会新闻、小说中都有体现),以凌厉飞扬的文艺论争来吸引读者目光(这也是《晶报》藉以提升自身品味的一种手段),又时时以锋芒毕露的社会批判来保持其独立的立场并争取读者。第三章首先分析了《晶报》文人群体的文化保守主义倾向,认为他们都属传统文人,坚守着传统的伦理道德观念和文学观念。而在生活和创作方面,“名士风度”和“才子风流”也是他们极力追慕的。在《晶报》文人中,本文选取了《晶报》剧评的中坚人物张豂子和典型的名士袁寒云为个案,认为他们身上更多体现出《晶报》文人群体的文化与文学倾向。在对《晶报》小说的论述中,本文没有作详尽的思想、艺术分析,而是侧重于对其作为通俗小说的总体特征予以总结,并从中归纳出《晶报》小说(主要是长篇小说)的缺陷与病因,试图由此揭示出现代报载通俗小说的共同缺陷及其原因。在第四章中,本文试图从读者定位等方面探讨《晶报》的经营策略。《晶报》能够在报刊林立的上海新闻界脱颖而出,准确的读者定位是必不可少的。本文考察了前期《晶报》的栏目设置与文体变化,认为《晶报》期望中的读者是那些普通市民而非文人士子。围绕这一定位,《晶报》不断地根据市民读者阅读口味的变化来适时调整其内容与办报风格,稳中求变,最终成为上海小报界巨擘。更多还原

【Abstract】 The tabloid is cultural fast food favored by citizens of modern cities. Together with periodical and newspaper supplement, it is taken as one of top three carriers of modern popular novels. It is extremely significant for both popular culture and popular novel. Taking The Crystal, the authority of tabloid which is typical representative of modern Shanghai tabloid, as an example, this article studies modern tabloid’s survival situation and its content features distinguished from newspaper, in a bid to acquire more knowledge about the relationship between the tabloid and modern popular literature and mass media.The Introduction part gives a summary of the previous study achievements on tabloids and The Crystal, and puts forward this article’s study thought train and methodology.In Chapter I, the author gives a brief review of the development history of The Crystal, based on which he gives analysis on The Crystal’s position and value in the history of modern popular literature. This article divides the tabloid’s over 20 years of development history into three phases and summarizes different features of the tabloid in these three phases. Comparing The Crystal with other tabloids and newspaper in the same phase, the article concludes that The Crystal is a comprehensive tabloid integrating both literature and art works and social news. The author also gives detailed analysis for both internal and external reasons leading to the publication halt of The Crystal. He concludes that The Crystal was stopped publication due to both internal and external factors, which corrects the previous rumor on the reasons of the publication stop.Based on lots of essays, notes and arguments, the Chapter II offers detailed analysis on the diction strategy of The Crystal. The author points out that in terms of content, the Crystal attracts readers mainly in three aspects, i.e., winning readers with interest different from that of newspaper (the interest found in game articles, social news and novels), attracting readers with fierce literature and art argument (also one of methods to improve its taste), and always attracting readers with independent standpoint through sharp social criticism.In Chapter III, the author first analyzes the cultural conservatism tendency of The Crystal’s literati group, and pointed out that they are traditional literati who insist on traditional ethical and moral conception and literature concept. They are also in active pursuit of“celebrity conduct”and“talent romance”in both daily life and writing. Regarding the individuation theory, the article analyzes the tabloid critics’nucleus Zhang Liaozi and typical celebrity Yuan Hanyun, pointing out that they show typical culture and literature tendency of The Crystal’s literati group. In the discourse of the novels of The Crystal, the article gives no detailed thought and art analysis, but focuses on the summary of its general features as popular novels. The author also sums up the defects and their reasons of serial novels published on The Crystal, trying to unveil the common defects and their reasons of serial popular novels published on modern newspaper.In Chapter IV, the article tries to discuss about the operation strategy of They Crystal in some aspects such as reader orientation. The accurate reader orientation is indispensable for They Crystal’s great success in Shanghai’s media circle despite the fierce competition. The article studies the tabloid’s column setup and style change in its previous development phase, believing that the expected readers are those common citizens but not the literati. Focusing on this orientation, The Crystal ceaselessly adjusts its content and styles according to citizen readers’reading tastes to pursuit change in stability and finally became the tabloid authority in Shanghai.更多还原