【作者】 赵颖；

【导师】 陈振明；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 政治学理论， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 近几年来,随着经济社会的迅速发展,我国公众对城市公交服务的要求越来越来高,而我国目前城市公交服务还不能满足公众的需求。伴随公共服务的改革浪潮,我国城市公交服务也开始了寻求新的市场化道路。本文在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上,基于新政治经济学、公共管理和经济学的理论基础,以城市公交服务资源特性为切入点,以制度分析为主线,对我国城市公交服务和公私合作机制问题进行研究。作者围绕如何在政府和市场之间寻求一种最佳的平衡状态,选择一种适合我国的理想化的城市公交服务改革模式,以及如何有效实施该机制等内容进行研究,试图构建一种适合我国城市公交服务的市场化改革需要的公私合作机制。首先,对城市公交服务和公私合作机制做出概述。作者先界定城市公交服务的若干基本概念,介绍城市公交服务的基本属性,公共物品的提供方式,以及延伸出来的几种城市公交服务的供给方式;进而提出城市公交服务的公私合作机制模式,并从历史的角度讨论对城市公交服务公私合作机制的基本理论、起源发展和内涵。最后探讨城市公交服务公私合作机制的理论基础,为说明城市公交服务公私合作机制是我国的理想化模式做出理论铺垫。其次,对我国城市公交服务改革的市场化实践的反思。作者从我国现在城市公交服务市场化改革实践出发,并从两种市场化实践形式对比中发现理想的市场化改革是一种有限的市场化改革,即城市公交服务提供机制的市场化,而不是政府公交服务职能的市场化。这是一种同时发挥市场和政府优势的城市公交服务机制,而公私合作机制恰恰就是我们需要的这样一种有限的市场化改革。通过对我国城市公交服务改革实践的比较分析,作者提出我国城市公交服务公私合作机制是我国的理想化改革模式。再次,对我国城市公交服务公私合作机制的构建及其运行环境的分析。作者先构建了该机制的模式框架,然后对我国城市公交服务公私合作机制的动因、必然和意义以及实施这种公私合作机制的阻碍性因素加以论述。又次,对国外城市公交服务的公私合作机制及其经验借鉴的探讨。作者讨论国外城市公交服务公私合作机制的发展、若干有代表性的国外城市的公交服务公私合作机制及其经验借鉴。作者指出,虽然各国采取的具体形式有所不同,但是最重要的是就是在采取市场化道路的同时,政府的作用也要加强;从国外改革经验中得出公私合作机制这种有限市场化的改革是需要政府的支持的,政府的能力的发挥是改革成功与否的关键。最后,我国城市公交服务公私合作机制实施的对策思考。在借鉴国外经验的基础上,针对我国现阶段城市公交服务公私合作机制改革中的阻碍因素,从提高我国城市公交服务公私合作机制的管理能力、加强我国城市公交服务公私合作机制的法律法规、强化我国城市公交服务公私合作机制的监管职能、设立我国城市公交服务公私合作机制的运行程序和制定我国城市公交服务公私合作机制的激励政策几个方面做出对策思考,以有效地实施我国城市公交服务公私合作机制,保证城市公交服务公私合作机制改革的顺利发展。本文认为,我国城市公交服务市场化的道路是复杂的,在市场化改革的大潮下,不能因为几个城市公交服务民营化改革案例的失败就否认城市公交服务市场化改革的取向。在城市公交服务领域引入竞争,走市场化的道路是改革的一种必然选择。但是必须强调,这种市场化是有限的市场化,是提供机制的市场化,而不是政府职能的市场化。单纯依靠政府提供或者是完全的市场化提供都难以满足公众的城市公交服务需求,需要的是一种可以发挥政府和市场各自优势的合作机制或制度安排。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the rapid development of society and economy, the present urban public transport service in China can not satisfy the public’s increasingly higher requirement for it. With the reform of public service, urban public transport service in China is looking for a new market-oriented reformational road. With reference to the study achievement home and abroad, based on the theories of new political economics, public management and economics, taking the resource attributes of urban public transport service as the starting point and the system of urban public transport service as the axis, the paper studies urban public transport service in China and public-private partnership. The writer tries to construct a pattern suitable for China’s market-oriented reform of urban public transport service by discussing how to achieve optimum balance between the government and the market, how to select an ideal pattern for China’s urban public transport service reform, and how to enforce effectively this pattern.First of all, the paper conducts a general survey of the basic theories of urban public transport service and public-private partnership. After defining several basic concepts of urban public transport service and introducing the basic attributes of urban public transport service, supply modes of public utility and some supply modes of urban public transport service, the paper proposes public-private partnership of urban public transport service and discusses the basic theories, origin and definition of public-private partnership of urban public transport service from a historical point of view. At last the paper elaborates on the theoretical basis of public-private partnership of urban public transport service, which lays the foundations for the statement that public-private partnership is the ideal pattern China’s for urban public transport service.Secondly, the paper reflects on China’s market-oriented reform of urban public transport service. Based on the practice of market-oriented reform of urban public transport service present in China, by contrasting two different market-oriented practice patterns, the paper points out that an ideal market-oriented reform in China is a limited market-oriented, which means that it is a reform of supply system of urban public transport service rather than a reform of government functions of urban public transport service. This limited market-oriented reform can show the advantages of both the government and the market, which is exactly what is needed in China. In the contrast of the practice of urban public transport service, public-private partnership is proposed as an ideal reform model in China.Thirdly, the paper analyses the construction and operation environment of China’s public-private partnership of urban public transport service. After constructing a framework for China’s public-private partnership of urban public transport service, the paper discusses its motivation and meaning and the impediments to its implementation.Then the paper discusses public-private partnership of urban public transport service abroad and suggests some referential experience. After introducing the development of public-private partnership of urban public transport service abroad, some representative models in foreign countries and some referential experience, the writer points out that, despite the difference of concrete forms in various foreign countries, the role of government should be emphasized in market-oriented reform. The limited market-oriented reform of public-private partnership needs the support of government to the extent that government capacity is the key to the success of the reform.Last but not least, the paper advices some coping strategies for the implementation of public-private partnership of urban public transport service in China. With reference to the experience abroad, aiming to clear the impediments to the development of China’s public-private partnership of urban public transport service, some coping strategies are given in terms of improving the administrative capacity, promoting the legalization, intensifying the supervisory function, specifying the operation procedure and making incentive policies in the hope that public-private partnership of urban public transport service in China can be effectively implemented and smoothly developed.The paper contends that, given the complexity of the market-oriented reform of urban public transport service, failure of some private operation cases of urban public transport service does not deny the correctness of choosing market-oriented reform of urban public transport service. The introduction of competition and market-oriented reform into urban public transport service is a necessary direction. It should be stressed that this market-oriented reform is a limited one, a market-oriented reform of supply system rather than government functions. Neither sole dependence on government supply nor complete dependence on market can guarantee that public demand for urban public transport service can be satisfied. What is needed in China is a cooperative pattern that can show the advantages of both the government and the market.更多还原