【作者】 李卫华；

【导师】 黄顺力；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文旨在从近代报刊传媒与社会思潮发展互动的角度，解读清末社会剧烈变革的内在思想原因。报刊传媒和立宪思想，是清末社会出现的新事物。近代国人报刊传媒从开始出现到发展壮大与立宪思想由萌芽、发展，再到汇聚成社会思潮基本保持同步，二者之间有着非常密切的关系：近代报刊作为清末新的大众传播工具，加速了立宪思想的传播并促其迅速形成社会思潮；由立宪思想带来的政治变革为报刊传媒的发展提供了宽松的社会环境，并且为报刊传媒的传播内容注入了新鲜的血液。二者的结合加速了社会变革的步伐，并引起清末社会剧烈变迁。报刊传媒与社会思潮的互动对社会变迁影响的探讨，对当前转型时期的中国社会也极具现实意义。本文拟从以下几个方面展开论述。首先，分析近代报刊传媒产生与立宪思潮发展的社会环境。甲午以后，清政府对思想与报刊的控制主要采取三种手段，即法律控制、行政控制和以舆论制舆论。笔者认为，从总体上看，清末报刊出现与思想发展的社会环境相对比较宽松，这是二者在清末得以迅速发展的重要原因。其次，阐述报刊传媒与立宪思潮的关系，主要从两方面论述：一是从纵向发展的不同阶段研究报刊传媒对立宪的传播，分析立宪思潮的内涵、特点、发展演变及其影响；二是研究不同类型的报刊对立宪思潮形成发展的作用，解析报刊传媒如何以全方位的立体样态推动立宪思潮的发展。再次，研究报刊媒介的社会传播效果，考察报刊传媒的传播机制和对受众的影响。力图对报刊及思想传播的基础设施、传播渠道、发行方式、传播范围及受众情况进行分析，考察报刊及思想传播的广度和深度，了解媒介传播的立宪思想在多大程度上可以波及民众以及民众思想能否与传播者的主观意图完全对接。最后，分析报刊与立宪思潮互动下引起的社会变迁，本文认为报刊传媒在推动立宪思潮高涨的同时，也推动了清末社会的政治变革，从而在客观上促进了封建专制制度的瓦解。报刊传媒已动员起当时的社会精英阶层，故清末政治运动轰轰烈烈，但广大基层民众的民主意识并没能得以有效的激发。虽然封建帝制被推翻，但离真正步入民主社会，还有很长的路要走。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes of drastic social changes in lateQing Dynasty from the perspectives of the development of media and social thoughts.Media and the Constitutionalism were new things emerging in late Qing Dynasty. Thedevelopment of modern newspapers was accompanied by the growth of constitutionalmonarchy. The two connected closely with each other. As a new communication tool,modern newspapers promoted the spread of the Constitutionalism which rapidlyevolved into social thoughts. Meanwhile, the political changes caused by theConstitutionalism provided a favorable social environment for the development ofmedia, and the Constitutionalism itself enriched the contents of the media. Thecombination of both accelerated social changes, hence led to the dramatictransformation in the society in late Qing Dynasty. The discussion about effects madeby the interaction between newspapers and social thoughts on social changes is also ofgreat practical significance in the transformative society in China today. This paperillustrates these points of view from the following aspects.To begin with, this paper analyzes the social environment in which media andconstitutional monarchy developed. The Qing government adopted three methods tocontrol thoughts and the press, which were law control, administration control andpublic opinion control by media. We find that generally the social environment for thedevelopment of newspapers and thoughts was relatively loose in late Qing Dynasty,which was an important reason why both of newspapers and thoughts developed sofast in this period.Secondly, this paper demonstrates the relationship between the press andconstitutional monarchy from two aspects. One is vertical analysis. We research howthe media publicized the constitutional monarchy in different periods, and analyzedthe content, feature, development and influence of the constitutional monarchy inthese periods. The other is horizontal analysis. We study the effects made by differenttypes of newspapers on the development of the constitutional monarchy, showing thatmedia promoted the development of the constitutional monarchy in amulti-dimensional way. Thirdly, researching the media’s effects, we must consider the media mechanismand audience acceptance. This paper analyzes the infrastructure, communicationchannels, distribution ways, spread scope and audience acceptance condition of thespread of newspapers and thoughts, exploring the breadth and depth of the spreadand understanding to what extent the Constitutionalism through media could involveand affect the public, and whether people’s thinking was consistent with thedisseminators’ subjective intent.Finally, this paper analyzes the social evolution generated by the press andconstitutional monarchy. We think that the constitutional monarchy promoted bymedia drove the political change in the society, which objectively led to the end of theauthoritarian regime. Due to the participation of social elites, the political movementwas dynamic and intense in late Qing Dynasty, but people’s democracy awareness didnot take root. After the fall of the Qing empire, There was far a way for China toreally step into a democratic society.更多还原