【作者】 孙欣；

【导师】 王镛；

【作者基本信息】 中国艺术研究院 ， 美术学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文主要以心理-性别的视角，分析奥地利画家克利姆特绘画创作中潜在的心理因素，揭示其艺术风格的演变与心理特质的内在关联，探寻其绘画中女性图像蕴涵的心理含义，以期对他的绘画做出新的、更为深入的读解和阐释。对心理本能欲望的关注，是克利姆特绘画艺术的潜在核心。这既是西方十九世纪末现代主义初期心理转向的文化思潮与奥地利民族内向性心理特质的凝聚，也是画家男性心理情结的呈现。他的寓意性绘画、女性肖像画和女性人体素描，这三个创作时期相错叠、创作内容相关联的创作领域，对应着克利姆特的自我重构、心理投射、心理矛盾和心理舒解等潜在的心理活动和精神发展历程。克利姆特在寓意性绘画中对古典神话或文学、音乐文本中的原型进行心理本能层面的重新阐释，以表现其自我重构的心理体验。他在女性肖像画中以装饰元素和男性凝视来化解其内在心理中对女性气质的迷恋和对女性力量的恐惧的矛盾并存。他在女性人体素描中营造了精神-心理情境的窥视景观，藉由对女性欲望的描绘舒解自身被压抑的心理潜能。这些心理因素是其折衷性艺术风格形成的潜在本源。其艺术风格呈现为自然主义的人物描绘和装饰化、抽象化的视觉元素相结合的形式语言，以及非理性主义的、唯美的倾向。女性形象是克利姆特绘画视觉表现的主角。克利姆特的女性图像承载了男性艺术家的爱欲和死亡等心理本能意识，折射出西方世纪末普遍存在的男性精神危机，也反映了画家关注于“女性欲望”的男性心理情结。藉由对女性图像的读解，本文深入分析了克利姆特的艺术创作行为、绘画图像、作品读解等环节中，作为意义传播介质的心理场域的视觉演绎方式；展现了女性形体的隐喻意义，图像的视觉表达方式以及观看、凝视、窥视等视觉艺术活动所共同构筑的心理情境；揭示其中蕴涵的心理因素和基于性别意识的心理特征。本文提出克利姆特绘画中对心理场域的切入源于其深层心理的潜意识领域，不同于弗洛伊德有意识的、对自我或他人的精神分析。这是对西方克利姆特研究理论的补充。克利姆特表现深层心理因素的绘画艺术，在发掘和揭示人的心理潜能的层面上，可能对中国当代艺术创作有所启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Psychological Elements of Klimt’s ArtFrom Psycho-gender perspective,the thesis analyses psychological elements inKlimt’s art,so as to discover the inter-links between the evolution of art styleand his psycho-quality and to show the psycho-scene as a medium of visual expression,communication and interpretation in klimt’s works.The fascination with instinct desire is the latent core of his art,whichembodies the synthesis of the irrationalism and psycho-transformation of ideologyand culture of European Fin-de-si(?)cle and Austrian introversive psycho-quality,andat the same time,derives from his male complex.His art,consisting of allegoricalpaintings,female portraits and erotic nude drawings,corresponded with hispsychological and mental process,which consist of self-reshuffle,psychologicalprojection,psychological ambivalence and psychological release,in differentlevels and fields.In his allegorical painting,Klimt reexplained the femalearchetypes of ancient myths or contexts of literature and music in a psycho-instinctway.In his female portraits,by ornamental elements and male gaze,he released hismental crisis appeared as paradoxistence of fascination with sexual femininity andfear of female energy.In his female nude drawings,Klimt fabricated a psycho-mentalspectacle of voyeurism and depicted the desiring women frankly to release thedepression of his male erotic instinct.These psychological elements are latentorigination of his art,which shows as the combination of naturalistic depictionof figures and ornamental form and abstract visual elements in a kind of aestheticaland decadent aura.Female figure is the main role of visual narration in Klimt’s works.His femaleimages embodied male artist’s sex and death instincts,male mental crisis ofFin-de-si(?)cle and male complex of extremely fascinated with female desire.Basedon the interpretation of female image,the thesis analyses the visual narration ofpsycho-scene as the medium of communication in klimt’s artistic production,imagesand works being seen,and represents the psycho-scenario consist of metaphor ofbody,visual narration of images and visual-psycho actions consist of see,gaze and voyeur,and reveals the hidden psychological elements and psycho-quality based on gendercharacter.The thesis points out that klimt’s representation of psycho-scene in art isderived from the subterranean realm of unconscious,that is different from Freud’sconscious analysis of other’s and his own psycho-phenomenon in his psychoanalysisscientific career.This opinion is a supplement to western Klimt’s research.Theclose connection of Klimt’s art and psychological elements and the representationof psychological instinct could be meaningful for Chinese contemporary art.更多还原