【作者】 张英丽；

【导师】 沈红；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 大学是这个世界上最古老、最有生命力的机构之一,它能够生生不息延续下去很大程度上是因为有着一批为大学核心理念而献身、传承大学文化、以学术为业的教授群体。大学教授不仅为社会很多行业培养后备人才,他们也通过博士生教育为自己培养下一代从业人员,以实现学术职业的延续和发展,就后备人才培养而言,学术职业是一个“自给自足”的职业。从人才培养的角度看,学术职业和博士生教育之间是培养与被培养的关系;从职业发展的角度看,博士生作为学术职业的后备人才,不仅对当前的学术职业产生影响,更决定了学术职业的未来发展,二者之间的关系是双向而又复杂的。本论文要回答的核心问题是:学术职业和博士生教育之间究竟有着什么样的关系?围绕这一核心问题,本论文主要采用文献分析法、问卷调查法、比较研究法等方法,沿着历史发展的脉络,选择19世纪德国学术职业影响力与博士生教育学术性、20世纪美国学术职业竞争力与博士生教育多样性、21世纪中国学术职业后发力与博士生教育国家性三个点,从理论分析角度论述二者之间的关系,然后以中国博士生调查问卷为基础,从数据分析上论证这种关系。具体来讲,全文共分三个部分,第一部分(第2章)作为全文的铺垫,初步分析学术职业与博士生教育之间的关系,从而提出本论文的研究假设。学术职业自诞生之日起就担负着为自己培养下一代从业者的职责,它或许是这个世界上唯一具有自我再生产能力、具备自我繁衍机制的职业,通过博士生教育,学术职业维持自身的延续发展、实现专业化程度和地位及收入的提升;而学术职业又是博士生教育不断提高培养质量和实现持续发展的保障。通过分析,笔者提出本论文的研究假设:学术职业和博士生教育间存在互动影响和循环发展的关系。第二部分(第3、4、5、6章)从理论研究与数据分析两个方面对论文假设进行论证。通过对德国学术职业影响力与博士生教育学术性、美国学术职业竞争力与博士生教育多样性、中国学术职业后发力与博士生教育国家性之间的关系进行论述与分析,从理论上阐明二者的关系;通过对中国博士生教育问卷调查结果的分析,从数据分析中论证二者之间的关系。第三部分(第7章)对学术职业和博士生教育之间的关系进行理论概括。通过提出假设、理论研究、数据分析三个步骤,本部分对学术职业和博士生教育之间的关系进行理论概括,并提出促使二者良性发展的策略。本研究认为,学术职业与博士生教育之间是一种互动循环发展关系,互动是二者之间的相互作用机制,循环是二者之间的相互作用过程,发展是二者之间的相互作用目的;学术职业是具有自我再生产能力,具备自我繁衍机制的职业,它通过培养博士生并不断将最符合条件的毕业生充实进来而得以延续和发展;博士生教育既是学术职业的人才培养机制,同时也是学术职业的人才留用机制,这两者对学术职业的持续健康发展都尤为关键;后备人才培养要回应学术职业所面临的变革与挑战并适当超前发展,博士生教育不仅要为当前的学术职业培养后备人才,更要着眼于学术职业的未来发展;以导师队伍为重点的教师队伍建设在培养高水平未来学术人员中居于核心地位,导师是保证博士生培养质量的关键,博士生质量在很大程度上取决于导师的水平和在指导过程中的付出程度;以学术全面内涵为基础的学术评价机制是培养能够满足高等教育发展所需人才的关键,学术是大学的命脉和核心,而学术评价则是大学发展的风向标。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the most ancient, most vigorous institutions in this world, university can grow continually because there always is a group of devoted, culture-inherited professor community who takes academic education as their life career. Professors not only train reserve talented person for many fields of the social, but also educate their next-generation successors through the postgraduate education, which realizes the academic occupation’s extension and development, footnoting that the academic profession is a“self-sufficient”occupation. Viewed from the angle of talent training, the relation between the academic profession and the doctoral education is trainer and trainee; from career development’s angle, as the reserve talents of academic occupation, doctoral education candidates not only has the influence to the current academic occupation, also decide the future development of academic occupation. The relation between them is bi-directional and complex. The core question that this paper tries to answer is: what relation is there actually between the academic profession and doctoral educations?Regarding this core question, this paper took the scientific theory research as stress, mainly used methods like literature analytic method, questionnaire survey procedure, comparison methodology and so on, along the vein of historical developments, choosing the 19th century Germany academic professional influence and the doctoral academic education, the 20th century US academic professional competitive power and the doctoral education multiformity, the 21st century China academic profession potentials and national function of doctoral education as three spots, elaborated the relations from the theoretical analysis angle. Then it took the Chinese academic profession and the doctoral candidate questionnaire as the foundation, proved this kind of relations from the empirical study angle. Specifically speaking, the full text is divided three parts, the first part (the 2nd chapter) as the foundation of the full text, explored the relation academic profession, the talent training and the reserve talent training. University takes the talent training as a mission from date of birth, the talent training is the primary, most important mission of academic profession and the basic mission of the modern academic profession, but the reserve talent training is the inherent mission of academic profession. Perhaps the academic profession is unique occupation in this world that has the self-reproduction ability and the self-multiplication mechanism. Through the reserve talent training, the academic profession is maintaining its own extension and development, and realizes the self-promotion by the implementation of certain social control. Through the analysis, it proposed the hypothesis of this research. The second part (the 3rd, 4, 5, 6 chapters) carried on the proof from the theoretical analysis and the positivism study to the research hypothesis. Through analysis to the German academic professional influence and the academic nature of postgraduate candidate, the competitive power of American academic profession and the multiplicity of doctoral education and then the relations between Chinese academic profession potential and the national identity of doctoral education, it intentions to elaborate the relationship between the two. Through the analysis on the result of questionnaire survey to the Chinese academic profession and the doctoral candidates, it supported the hypothesis about the relation between the two and demonstrated functioning degrees of this relation in reality. The third part (the 7th chapter) tried to theoretically summarize the relations between the academic profession and the doctoral education. Through three steps as proposed the hypothesis, theoretical analysis and the positivism study, this part theoretically summarized the relations between the academic profession and the doctoral education, and proposed the strategy that may promote the developments of the two soundly.This research believed that between the academic profession and the doctoral education there was a kind relation of interaction and circulation development. The interaction was the two’s interaction mechanism, the circulation are the two’s interaction process, and the development are the two’s interaction goal. With the self-reproduction ability and self-multiplication mechanism, through cultivated the doctoral candidates and then guided them to the field , the academic profession could continue itself and its development; The doctoral education is not only the talent training mechanism of academic profession, simultaneously is also the mechanism of fascinating talents for itself use of the academic profession, this both especially could be essential to continue the development well to the academic profession; The reserve talent training needs to respond the transformation and challenges which the academic profession is facing and even suitably develops in advance. The doctoral educations not only trained current reserve talents for academic profession, but focus on the future development of academic profession. The teaching group construction will reside in the core status in cultivating high level academic staff in the future, which stresses much on the construction of tutor groups who could guarantee the quality of doctoral candidates. The quality of doctoral candidates is decided by a great extent in teacher’s level and how they devote in the instruction process. The evaluation mechanism, with a basis of comprehensive academic connotation, is the key to educate talents who satisfy the need of higher education development. Academic is a university’s life and the core, but the academic evaluation is the wind vane of the university’s development.更多还原