【作者】 汪继红；

【导师】 程又中；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 国家治理与考选制度， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 中国公开选拔领导干部考试制度(以下简称公选考试制度),内生创建于我国20世纪80年代初,是秉承“公开、平等、竞争、择优”之理念,采用考试方法筛选领导干部人选且具有制度安排性质的新型领导干部选拔考试制度。开展公选考试制度研究,是现代法治国家治理的需要、是干部人事制度改革的需要,是公选考试制度自身建设的需要。公选考试制度基本理论包含公选考试制度的概念内涵、结构体系以及本质属性等根基性问题。公选考试制度结构体系,是指公选考试制度的诸结构要素,为实现公选考试制度功能而采取的内外部集成形式,它反映了公选考试制度结构要素之间彼此依赖以及与外界相互依存的关系。公选考试制度具有科学完整的结构体系,它以有机的规则要素为内容、以规范的载体要素为形式、以先进的理念要素为灵魂、以适配的对象要素为范围,四大结构要素缺一不可且互为补充,共同实现公选考试制度的整体功能。其中,公选考试制度规则要素包括职位分析制度、考试设计制度、考务管理制度、质量评价制度以及保密安全制度等五大子制度。公选考试制度的本质属性是由公选考试制度的内在矛盾所规定的,同时它又从整体上决定了公选考试制度的性质与发展方向。公选考试制度具有国家政治制度属性和干部人事制度属性,这一属性反映了公选考试制度的合目的性特征,彰显了公选考试制度的价值理性和组织理性。此外,公选考试制度还具有人才测评制度属性,这一属性反映了公选考试制度的合规律性特征,彰显了公选考试制度的工具理性。公选考试制度就是合目的性与合规律性在实践性上的有机统一。公选考试制度的实践性既意味着公选考试制度来源于公选考试实践、服务于公选考试实践、受检于公选考试实践,同时也意味着公选考试制度具有强烈的现实性、可操作性以及实效性。政治气候昌明、经济发展迅猛、文教事业兴盛、人事制度革新等,不仅构成我国公选考试制度创建的制度背景,而且为推行公选考试制度奠定了坚实的社会经济基础、思想理论基础以及组织人事基础。公选考试制度从试验探索、发展改进、经验推广到制度推行的创建历程,反映和体现了公选考试制度演进的三大基本规律,即:公选考试制度需求与供给之间的制度博弈是公选考试制度的生成机理;出于对古代科举考试制度的路径依赖是公选考试制度的演变成因;公选考试制度变迁模式表现出明显的渐进式需求诱致性制度变迁特征。公选考试制度既是人们主观意愿上的需求与设计,更是公选考试活动的需要与产物。公选考试制度的合法性是指公选考试制度能够被社会所认可,而有助于人们认可公选考试制度的支持性因素就是公选考试制度的合法性基础。公选考试制度合法性具体体现在公选考试制度的党管干部原则、政治精英假说以及考试制度偏好三方面,它们分别从政治权力分配、主流价值取向以及传统文化心理等不同层面,构建了公选考试制度合法性的政治组织基础、信仰价值基础和文化心理基础。坚持党管干部原则、坚持任人唯贤原则、坚持凡进必考原则,既是中国共产党执政合法性建设的重要内容,也是公选考试制度不断输入合法性基础的有效举措。公选考试制度的科学性,是人们对于公选考试活动规律的认知与把握,是人们对于公选考试活动内在联系与发展趋势的揭示与反映。它不仅为公选考试制度的合法性提供坚实基础,同时也为公选考试制度的实践性提供可靠保障。公选考试制度科学性具有三大理论依据,其中,个别差异理论是前提,刺激反应理论是手段,人职匹配理论是目的。三大理论依据呈鼎足之势,从不同侧面揭示了领导干部的社会存在规律、个体应试规律以及组织选拔规律。公选考试制度的科学性具体表征在公选考试活动的设计、实施、评价环节以及考试方法的选用等方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s leaders publicly-elected exam system(hereafter as the publicly-elected exam system), endogenous founded in China early 1980s,and adhering to the concepts of "openness,fairness, competition and election".It is a new leaders publicly-elected exam system which has institutional arrangement property in order to screening leaders.Engaged in publicly-elected exam system research, is the needs for modern countries’ management under the laws,is the needs for the personnel system reform,is the needs for the publicly-elected exam system self-construction.The basic theory of publicly-elected exam system contains the foundational issues such as concept connotation,structure and the essential attribute,etc.Publicly-elected exam system structures, refers to substructures of elements with internal and external integrated form in order to realize the function of the system.It reflects the publicly-elected exam system structure elements depend on each others and related with external interdependence.Publicly-elected exam system has scientific and complete structure system,including four elements.They are rules,carriers,concepts and objects. Among them,publicly-elected exam system rules elements include position analysis system,design of the exam system,examination management system,quality evaluation system and privacy & security system.The nature of the publicly-elected exam system is stipulated in the inner contradictions,at the same time,it also determines its properties and development direction on the whole.Publicly-elected exam system has the national political system attributes and personnel system attribute.Those attributes reflect the purpose of the publicly-elected exam system and reveal the rational value and reason of the publicly-elected exam system.In addition,the publicly-elected exam system also has the talent assessment system attribute,this attribute reflects the regularity of the publicly-elected exam system,reveals the tool rationality of the system.Publicly-elected exam system is an organic unity of purpose and regularity in practice.The practical of publicly-elected exam system not only means it source from practice,service for practice,tested by practice,also means that publicly-elected exam system has stong reality,operability and effectiveness.With the political climate enlightened,rapid economic growth, the culture and education prosperity,the personnel system reform in China,they not only constitute the background of publicly-elected exam system created,but also has laid a solid foundation for social economy,ideological & theoretical and organization of personnel bases.The development course of publicly-elected exam system embodies the three basic rules of evolution,namely:Generating mechanism of publicly-elected exam system is the game between supply and demand of the system; Out of the ancient imperial examination system of path dependence is publicly-elected exam system evolution causes;The change mode of publicly-elected exam system shows obvious characteristics with incremental demand of inducing institutional change.Publicly-elected exam system is demands and design for people’s willings,also the needs and results of publicly-elected examinationsThe legitimacy of the publicly-elected exam system refers to the system can be accepted by the society.The supportive factors that help people recognized publicly-elected exam system are the legitimacy foundation.The legitimacy of the publicly-elected exam system reflected in the principle of party manage leaders,the hypothesis of political elites and preference for examination system. From the political power distribution,mainstream value orientation and traditional culture psychology,they respectively constructed the legitimacy foundations of publicly-elected exam system of political organization,beliefs values and culture psychology.Adhering to the principle of party manage leaders,the principle of appointing the right persons and the principle of entrence by exam,they are important contents of the CCP’s(the communist party of China)governing legitimacy for construction and the effective measures continuously input for legitimacy foundation of publicly-elected exam system.The scientific of publicly-elected exam system is the recognition and grasping on the law of publicly-elected examination,is the reflection and revealing of the intrinsic relation & the development trend of publicly-elected examination,too.It not only provides the solid legitimacy foundation,but also offer the reliable guarantee for the practice of publicly-elected exam system. The scientific of publicly-elected exam system has three theory bases,among them,the individual differences is the precondition;stimulate response is the method;one job matching is the objective. Three theoretical bases from different aspects revealed the existing social law of leaders,individual exam-oriented law and organization-elected law.The scientific of publicly-elected exam system specific performed in the aspects such as design,implementation,evaluation and exam-method selection of publicly-elected examination.更多还原