【作者】 姚影；

【导师】 欧国立；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 产业经济学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 城市是一个十分复杂、多功能的开放系统,城市交通基础设施对于城市集聚与扩展的演变具有重要的影响。国内外学者从土地规划、交通需求管理等角度对这一问题进行了大量探索,但多数研究把城市交通看成一个整体,研究其对城市集聚与扩展的影响机理。但是,城市交通具有不同层次和功能,作为基础设施层的城市交通基础设施也有着不同的网络形态,具备特殊的经济属性。因此,在假设其他条件不变的基础上,本文从集聚经济和交通区位双重视角分析城市交通基础设施对城市集聚与扩展的影响机理,这对于指导城市交通政策的制定具有理论和实践意义。本文做了如下创新性研究工作:第一,研究视角的创新。本文将以往研究中忽略的交通节点匹配性、线路可达性和网络差异性纳入到研究中,并对交通基础设施供给政策对城市集聚与扩展的影响进行了分析。第二,城市交通基础设施经济属性研究的创新。本文提出城市交通基础设施具有共享性、拥挤性、可达性、网络性和门槛特征,其中,城市交通基础设施具有共享性和门槛特征是本文首次提出的。第三,城市交通基础设施对城市集聚与扩展影响机理的创新。本文构建了城市交通基础设施影响城市集聚与扩展的理论分析框架,创新性地将交通成本变量的内涵进行了阐述,从节点、线路和网络三个层面研究城市交通基础设施对城市集聚与扩展的影响。第四,城市交通基础设施供给政策的创新。本文结合门槛特征分析了城市交通基础设施供给政策对城市集聚与扩展的影响,提出要想保持城市集聚效应的持续增长,应采用连续性持续式的交通基础设施供给政策。本文得出的结论主要有:第一,本文提出城市交通基础设施是一种城市区域范围内可共享的生产性投入性质的公共资源,可降低城市区域内的居民的生活成本和企业的生产成本。第二,本文提出,作为一种可共享的公共资源,城市交通基础设施直接影响了城市区域范围内企业和居民的消费和生产函数,给城市带来集聚经济。同时由于城市不断扩展而产生的交通费用上升和交通拥挤成本,城市交通基础设施也将给城市带来集聚不经济,抑制城市向中心区域的继续集聚。第三,通过构建模型分析交通成本与城市规模的关系,本文提出城市规模随着交通成本的下降而扩展,城市集聚经济可以通过城市交通基础设施的改善进而降低交通成本来实现。第四,提出城市交通节点的匹配性、线路的可达性和网络形态的差异性是影响城市交通运行效率进而影响交通成本变化的重要因素。第五,提出要想保持城市集聚效应的持续增长,应采用连续性持续式的交通基础设施供给政策。第六,提出城市沿主要交通基础设施发展进行集聚与扩展的原因在于城市的发展总是沿着经济运行成本最节约的方向进行。第七,建议北京市应积极发展放射形态的城市轨道交通网络,加强城市交通枢纽对于运输方式的衔接作用,优先发展公共交通基础设施。更多还原

【Abstract】 City is a very complex,multi-functional system,and urban transport infrastructure has an important impact on the shape of urban Expansion.It is evidence that highway infrastructure can promote the formation of low-density and urban expansion in Atlanta of the U.S.and urban rail transit can guide the multi-center patterns of urban expansion in Tokyo of Japan.We find the economics problem from the phenomena above,that is why urban transportation infrastructure has an impact on urban expansion.Using the theory of agglomeration economics,public goods and threshold, this paper attempts to study the mechanism how urban transport infrastructure affects urban expansion,as well as whether there is different patterns of urban expansion guided by different transport infrastructure,aiming at providing some effective supply policy of urban transport infrastructure in order to enhance the efficiency of cities.Scholars at home and abroad study the issue from the aspects of land,planning, and transport demand management,but their research considers urban transport as a whole.However,urban transport have different levels and functions,they also have different shapes of network as an infrastructure layer.Therefore,with the assumption of other conditions remaining unchanged,the paper analyzes the influence mechanism of urban transport infrastructure on urban agglomeration and expansion from the perspective of agglomeration economics and transport location,which is benefit for guiding transport policy.Paper made the following innovative research:Firstly,the innovation of research perspective.The paper puts the variable of matching of transport nodes,accessibility of line and differences of network into research,which are always neglected.Secondly, the innovation of economic attributes of urban transport infrastructure.The paper brings forward that urban transport infrastructure has the attributes of shared, congestion,accessibility,network and threshold,and the attributes of shared and threshold are put forward from a new perspective.The third is the innovation of influence mechanism of urban transport infrastructure on urban agglomeration and expansion.The paper builds up an analytical framework,and describes the meaning of variables of transport cost from three levels of node,line and network.The fourth innovation is about supply policy of urban transport infrastructure.The paper applies the attributes of threshold into the analysis of how urban transport infrastructure affects urban agglomeration and expansion,and brings forward that we should adopt continuous policy in order to maintain sustained growth of urban agglomeration effect.The main conclusions in the paper are as follows:Firstly,this paper brings forward that urban transport infrastructure is a kind of shared and productive public resources within the city,which can reduce living costs of residents and production costs of enterprise.The second,the paper thinks that urban transport infrastructure directly affects the consumption function and production function,which brings city economies of agglomeration.At the same time,urban expansion resulting from increased transport costs and traffic congestion also brings non-economies of agglomeration,and restrain urban agglomeration.Thirdly,the paper builds up a model to analyze the relationships between transport costs and city size.It finds that city expands along with decrease of transport costs,and urban agglomeration economies can be realized by improving urban transportation infrastructure.Fourthly,the paper proposed that matching of transport nodes,accessibility of line and differences of network are the important factors affecting transport costs.Fifthly,it is brought forward that continuous supply policy can promote maintain sustained growth of urban agglomeration effect.The six,the paper points out that the reason that the reason why the city expands along transportation infrastructure is that development of the city is always running down the direction of cost-saving.The seven,the suggestion of developing Beijing’s transportation is given.The author proposes that radiation patterns of urban rail transport network should be developed,the urban transport hub for the convergence should be strengthened,and public transport infrastructure should be put in the first.更多还原