【作者】 鲁小波；

【导师】 李悦铮；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2008， 博士

【副题名】以辽宁白石砬子国家级自然保护区为例

【摘要】 实践发现,曾经被认为是“无烟工业”的旅游业对环境具有很大的破坏性。于是人们开始探寻可以引导旅游业走可持续发展道路的旅游形式。生态旅游是人们找到的一条新的途径,并且得到了快速的发展,其影响力目前已遍布世界各地。我国也开展了生态旅游的探索,其中也包括自然保护区内开展生态旅游的实践和理论研究。本文在生态旅游的理论基础上对我国自然保护区开展生态旅游的开发与管理进行分析,并以辽宁白石砬子国家级自然保护区为例进行了实证研究。全文共分9章。第一章主要论述了本文的研究背景、研究意义、研究方法、论文结构和主要创新等内容。第二章是对生态旅游以及自然保护区生态旅游的国内外研究进行分析。第三章先介绍了生态旅游产生的背景,进而又对生态旅游的理论基础——可持续发展思想进行论述。然后是对哥斯达黎加、肯尼亚被动式生态旅游实践和美国、澳大利亚主动式生态旅游实践以及生态旅游阶段的分析。最后部分介绍了生态旅游概念的提出以及国内外学者有关生态旅游的各种定义,并在此基础上结合哥斯达黎加、肯尼亚有关生态旅游的实际案例从动态发展的角度提出了一种作者自己有关生态旅游的定义。第四章是有关生态旅游的基础理论。首先介绍了生态旅游的本质特征,进而又将生态旅游与传统旅游进行对比。其次对生态旅游的指导思想——生态旅游环境伦理观的发展、内容、原则和规范加以介绍。再次就是有关生态旅游资源的概念、特征、分类以及与传统旅游资源的对比。本章的第四部分是生态旅游的主体——生态旅游者的内容,包括生态旅游者的概念、分类、行为特征。第五部分是生态旅游的媒体——生态旅游业的介绍,主要有生态旅游业的构成与生态旅游业的特征两方面的内容。最后一部分是生态旅游管理的内容,分别论述了生态旅游管理的意义、手段、基本原则以及基本内容。第五章是生态旅游与自然保护区,主要内容包括世界自然保护区的发展简史、世界自然与自然资源保护联盟(IUCN)有关自然保护区的界定和类型以及管理框架,我国自然保护区的概况和类型,生态旅游对旅游目的地和对自然保护区的促进作用,我国自然保护区发展生态旅游的主要问题。第六章是自然保护区生态旅游开发与管理的关键问题。本章内容是基于我国当前的国情和宏观政策背景的基础上对我国自然保护区生态旅游发展的四个关键问题进行分析,包括:(1)国家政策背景与自然保护区生态旅游关系;(2)自然保护区生态旅游的乘数效应和利润漏损;(3)自然保护区的可持续发展与生态旅游;(4)自然保护区生态旅游的环境影响与控制。第七章和第八章是以辽宁白石砬子国家级自然保护区为例对自然保护区生态旅游开发与管理进行实证分析。第七章主要介绍白石砬子国家级自然保护区生态旅游开发的资源基础、产品设计、功能分区、环境容量、市场分析等内容。第八章则主要是游客管理、地方居民参与管理、景区、景点经营管理和效益管理的白石砬子国家级自然保护区生态旅游的管理内容。本文的最后部分第九章介绍了本文的主要结论和不足之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tourism which was once considered "smokeless industry" has proved to be very destructive on the environment. So people start to explore new forms of it to get onto a sustainable way. Ecotourism is which be found, and developed rapidly. All Countries around the world have attached great attention to ecotourism. China has also initiated the exploration of ecotourism, which includes the practice of ecotourism and theoretical research on nature reserves. On the basis of ecotourism theory, this paper discussed the author’s view on ecotourism development and management of China’s nature reserves. Liaoning Baishilazi National Nature Reserve is an example of the study. The paper is composed of nine chapters.Chapter 1 discusses the background of this study, the significance of this research, research methods, the structure and major innovation of this paper, and so forth.Chapter 2 is about summary of the Nature Reserve’s ecotourism and ecotourism research at home and abroad.Chapter 3 first introduced the background of ecotourism, and in turn set forth the sustainable development concept, which is the theoretical basis of ecotourism. And then discuses the passive ecotourism practice of Costa Rica, Kenya and active ecotourism practice of the United States, and Australia and the phases of ecotourism during its development. The last part of chapter 3 is about the concept of ecotourism. Many scholars have given their definition on ecotourism. Based on various domestic and foreign scholars’definitions and the ecotourism cases in Costa Rica and Kenya, the author argued his definition on ecotourism which is a perspective of the actual dynamic development of ecotourism.Chapter 4 is about the basis theory of ecotourism. Firstly this chapter introduces the essential characteristics of ecotourism and compares it with the traditional ecotourism. Secondly the paper introduces the guiding ideology of ecotourism, which includes the development of the concept, content, and the principles and norms of ecotourism environmental ethics. The next content is the concept of ecotourism resources, characteristics, classification, and compares it with the traditional tourism resources. The fourth part of this chapter is the main part of this chapter; it’s about the eco-tourists, including the concept of eco-tourists, classification, behavior characteristics. Ecotourism industry is the fifth part of Chapter 4, which is composed of component and ecological characteristics of ecotourism industry. The last part discuss the management of ecotourism, it includes significance, means, basic principles and basic elements of ecotourism management.Chapter 5 is about ecotourism and nature reserves. It introduced the main history of the World Nature Reserve, the types as well as management framework of nature reserves of the World Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Types and status of China Nature Reserve, ecotourism’s role in promoting the development of the destination and the nature reserve in China, the main problems of Nature Reserve in China.Chapter 6 presents the key issues of ecotourism development and management of Nature Reserve in China. Based on China’s current situation and macroeconomic policies, the paper analysis four key issues on China’s ecotourism development in Natural Reserve, including: (1) the relationship between policy background of National Nature Reserve and ecotourism; (2) the multiplier effect of ecotourism and profit leakage of Nature Reserve; (3) the sustainable development of Nature Reserve and ecotourism; (4) the environmental impact and control of ecotourism in Nature Reserve.Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 of this paper is empirical analysis of ecotourism development and management as Liaoning Baishilazi National Nature Reserve Nature Reserve an example. Chapter 7 introduces the ecotourism resource base, product design, function zoning, environmental capacity, market analysis, and so forth in exploiting Baishilazi National Nature Reserve. Chapter 8 mainly discusses tourists’management, local residents’participating in the management, scenic areas, attractions management and efficiency management of ecotourism in managing Baishilazi National Nature Reserve.Chapter 9 is the last part of this paper which includes the main conclusions and inadequate of this paper.更多还原