残疾大学生思想政治教育研究

【作者】 宋志强；

【导师】 段若鹏；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 思想政治教育， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 残疾大学生思想政治教育是一项具有重要理论和现实意义的教育实践活动,关系到中国特色社会主义事业建设者和接班人的培养,关系到残疾大学生教育公平和政治权利的实现,关系到残疾大学生的全面发展,关系到社会主义和谐社会构建的深度和广度,也关系到马克思主义大众化的实现程度。目前,学术界对于残疾大学生思想政治教育的研究还处于自发状态,相关研究局限于残疾大学生的心理特征、心理健康、人格特质、思想政治理论课教学等微观点上的研究,还没有人从全面的视角对残疾大学生思想政治教育进行较为系统的研究。鉴于残疾大学生思想政治教育研究的现状,本文以党的思想政治工作的基本理论和十七大精神为指导,致力于对残疾大学生思想政治教育问题进行探索性的系统研究。本文力求在以下方面有所创新:首先,将思想政治教育和特殊教育两个学科的相关理论和研究范式进行融合,以开拓思想政治教育和特殊教育理论研究的新领域。其次,探索性、开创性地从整体上构建残疾大学生思想政治教育的理论模式,从残疾大学生思想政治教育的内涵、目标、内容、原则、意义等角度对残疾大学生思想政治教育进行较为全面的界定。最后,对残疾大学生思想政治教育的历史成绩和经验、存在问题及问题产生的根源进行较为系统的总结和分析,对加强和改进残疾大学生思想政治教育提出相关思路和对策。本文分两部分,第一部分为导论部分,第二部分为正文部分,正文部分分五章。导论及各章的主要内容如下:导论部分分析了本文研究的选题背景,对残疾大学生思想政治教育的研究现状进行了评析,并对本文研究的理论借鉴、研究方法、论文结构、研究创新点和难点进行了说明。第一章探讨残疾大学生思想政治教育的科学内涵。本文所指的残疾大学生包括听障大学生、视障大学生、肢残大学生三类,残疾大学生思想政治教育是指高等特殊教育院校和普通高等院校从残疾大学生身心发展的实际出发,以残疾大学生心理健康教育为基础,以残疾大学生社会适应性教育为重点,以残疾大学生政治素质教育为核心,塑造残疾大学生和谐人格的教育实践活动。残疾大学生思想政治教育的现实目标是塑造残疾大学生的和谐人格;残疾大学生思想政治教育主要涉及三方面的内容:心理健康教育、社会适应性教育、政治素质教育;残疾大学生思想政治教育有五条相对特殊的原则:人道主义原则、全纳教育原则、支持性原则、个别化教育原则、生活化原则。第二章从社会意义和个体意义两个角度分析了残疾大学生思想政治教育的重要意义。首先,残疾大学生思想政治教育具有四个方面的社会意义:残疾大学生思想政治教育为中国特色社会主义事业培养合格的建设者;残疾大学生思想政治教育是保障残疾大学生权益的有效途径;残疾大学生思想政治教育是社会主义文化建设的重要内容;残疾大学生思想政治教育是构建和谐社会的基础性工作。其次,残疾大学生具有两个方面的个体意义:残疾大学生思想政治教育有利于提高残疾大学生的综合素质;残疾大学生思想政治教育有利于满足残疾大学生的精神需求。第三章对残疾大学生思想政治教育进行了历史考察。我国的残疾大学生思想政治教育实践产生于20世纪80年代中期,以我国高等特殊教育的办学模式为依据,残疾大学生思想政治教育可以分为“随班就读模式”、“班系模式”和“学院模式”三种模式。二十多年来,残疾大学生思想政治教育在以下六个方面取得了显著的成绩:残疾大学生思想政治教育领导体制和工作机制初步建立、残疾大学生“三观”教育不断加强、残疾大学生“四自”精神不断提高、残疾大学生心理健康逐步改善、残疾大学生社会适应能力不断增强、“残健融合”教育理念基本落实;经过二十多年的发展,残疾大学生思想政治教育积累了五条经验:高等特殊教育必须坚持“德育为首”的思想、残疾大学生思想政治教育必须坚持思想政治教育与解决实际困难相结合、残疾大学生思想政治教育必须坚持继承优良传统与开拓创新相结合、残疾大学生思想政治教育必须坚持教育与自我教育相结合、残疾大学生思想政治教育必须坚持相关学科理论借鉴。第四章探讨残疾大学生思想政治教育的主要问题,并对相关影响因素进行了分析。残疾大学生思想政治教育体制机制和残疾大学生自身素质两个方面都还存在一些比较突出的问题:体制机制方面,政策法规建设严重滞后,管理体制责权不清,经费保障不充分,教育实践一般化,工作队伍建设亟需加强;残疾大学生自身素质方面,残疾大学生心理障碍较多,社会适应能力不强,政治素质有待提高。残疾大学生思想政治教育发展受到社会、教育、家庭、个体等四个方面因素的影响。社会因素方面,人们对残疾人存在不科学看法,残疾人事业发展相对滞后;教育因素方面,特殊教育价值取向不尽合理,高等特殊教育实践存在偏差,残疾大学生思想政治教育理论研究不够;家庭因素方面,很多残疾大学生家庭经济困难,父母教育方式不合理;个体因素方面,生理缺陷影响残疾大学生思想政治教育过程,影响残疾大学生心理健康,影响残疾大学生社会适应能力,影响残疾大学生政治素质提高。第五章从五个方面分析了加强和改进残疾大学生思想政治教育的思路与对策。第一,优化残疾大学生思想政治教育外部环境:加强无障碍环境建设;全社会树立现代文明残疾人观;促进残疾大学生就业;建立家校合作机制。第二,深化残疾大学生思想政治教育理论研究:重视残疾大学生思想政治教育理论创新;注重残疾大学生心理特点研究;加强特殊语言研究;开发以提高社会适应能力为导向的教育模式。第三,拓展残疾大学生思想政治教育载体:发挥课堂教学的主导作用;发挥残疾大学生社团的自我教育功能;开创残疾大学生思想政治教育的网络阵地;发挥校园文化的隐性教育功能;重视心理健康教育对残疾大学生身心的调节作用;发挥社会志愿服务的实践功能。第四,加强残疾大学生思想政治教育工作队伍建设:优化残疾大学生思想政治教育工作队伍结构;提高残疾大学生思想政治教育工作队伍素质;健全残疾大学生思想政治教育工作队伍机制。第五,加强残疾大学生思想政治教育保障体系建设:明确残疾大学生思想政治教育管理体制;制订残疾大学生思想政治教育法律法规;加大残疾大学生思想政治教育经费投入。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ideological and political education for college students with disability (CSWD) is an educational practice with great theoretical and pragmatic significance, which determines the cultivating of socialism successor,educational and polictical rights of CSWD,the overall development of CSWD,the degree of social harmony, and the popularizing of Marxism.So far,research on the ideological and political education for CSWD is still in a state of spontaneity.Existing research is mainly focused on some microcosmic points such as CSWD’s psychology,mental health, social adaptability,personality,ideological and political theory courses.No one has taken a systematic study on the ideological and political education for CSWD from a comprehensive perspective.Under the guidance of CPC’s ideological and political education theory and the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress,this dissertation is to carry on a systematic probing study on the ideological and political educatoin for CSWD.The dissertation tries to make theoretical innovation as follows:Firstly,combining ideological and political education science with special education science to exploit a new study field. Secondly,making an exploring and integral analysis on the connotation,objective, content,principles and significance of the ideological and political educatoin for CSWD.Thirdly,taking a systematic study on the historical review,existing problems and relevant factors of the ideological and political educatoin for CSWD,and offering the ideas and countermeasures for strengthening and improving the ideological and political education for CSWD.This dissertation has two parts.The first one is the Introductory.The second one is the main body which is divided into five chapters.The following is the main content of this dissertation.The Introductory analyses the background of this disstation and comments on the status quo of the study on the ideological and political education for CSWD.And the Introductory also deals with the dissertation frame,innovation and difficulties,the approach of study and theory borrowing.Chapter 1 analyses the scientific connotation of the ideological and political education for CSWD.CSWD of this dissertation can be divided into three categories: college students with listening impairment,college students with visual impairment, college students with physical impairment.The ideological and political education for CSWD is defined as an educational activity,in which general and special higher education institutes take CSWD’s mental health education as groundwork,enhancing CSWD’s social adaptability as keystone,promoting CSWD’s political socialization as essence to shape CSWD’s harmonious charater.The realistic objective of CSWD ideological and political eductation is to shape a harmonious character for CSWD. There are three main contents for CSWD ideological and political education:mental health education,enhancing social adaptability,promoting political socialization. There are 5 special educational principles for CSWD ideological and political education:humanitarianism principle,inclusion education principle,supportive education principle,individual education principle,life-oriented principle.Chapter 2 analyzes the significance of the ideological and political education for CSWD from the individual and the social angles.Firstly,the ideological and political education for CSWD has four social significances:it trains qualified builders for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics;it is a good way to protect the rights and interests of CSWD;it is a part of socialist culture;it is a basic work for building harmonious society.Secondly,the ideological and political education for CSWD has two individual significances:it helps to enhance CSWD’s overall quality,and it helps to meet CSWD’s spiritual needs.Chapter 3 takes a review on the ideological and political education for CSWD. The ideological and political education for CSWD appeared in 1985.There are 3 patterns for the ideological and political education for CSWD:inclusive pattern, department and class pattern,institute pattern.For the past two decades,the ideological and political education for CSWD has made great achievement in the following six aspects:leadership system and working mechanism being founded, Three-Outlooks education being reinforced,Four-Selves spirit being raised,CSWD’s mental health being improved,social adaptability being enhanced,inclusion notion being carried out.The ideological and political education for CSWD also has five experiences:holding moral education as top task for higher special education, combining ideological and political education with problems solving,combining inheriting with innovation,combining education with self-education,insisting on theoretical borrowing. Chapter 4 discusses the main problems of the ideological and political education for CSWD and analyzes the related factors.There are two outstanding problems in the education regime and students’ quality.Firstly,there are problems in education regime: lag of law-making,unclearness of management system,financial shortage, unqualified Staff,generalization in educational practice.Secondly,there are problems in CSWD’s quality:mental impediments,low social adaptability,low political socialization.The ideological and political education for CSWD are impacted by four factors: society,education,family and individual.As for social factors,some people have unscientific attitude on disabled people,the development of the cause of the disabled people lags behind relatively.As for educational factors,the value orientation of special education is unreasonable,the practice of higher special education embody certain bias,researches on the ideological and political education for CSWD are inadequate.As for familial factors,many families of college students with disabilities have economic difficulties,the mode of their parents’ education is unreasonable.As for individual factors,physiological defect impacts the process of their ideological and political education,it also impacts their mental health,their social adaptability and their political socialization.Chapter 5 analyzes the ideas and countermeasures for strengthening and improving the ideological and political education for CSWD.Firstly,to optimize the external environment of the ideological and political education of college students with disabilities:strengthening the construction of a barrier-free environment, building up modern and civilized concept on persons with disabilities,facilitating CSWD employment,establishing cooperation mechanism between family and college. Secondly,to deepen the research on the ideological and political education for CSWD:Attaching importance to theoretical innovation on the ideological and political education for CSWD,paying attention to the research on the mental characteristic of CSWD,strengthening the research on special language,opening up education model which is oriented by improving CSWD’s social adaptability.Thirdly, to expand the carrier of the ideological and political education for CSWD:exerting the leading role of classroom teaching,exerting the function of self-education of CSWD associations,inaugurating online education of the ideological and political education for CSWD,exerting the hidden educational function of campus culture, paying attention to the regulatory role of mental health education for CSWD,exerting the practical function of social volunteer service.Forthly,to strengthen the staff quality of the ideological and political education for CSWD:optimizing the structure of staff,improving staff quality,sounding the mechanism of staff.Fifthly,to strengthen the security system of the ideological and political education for CSWD: making clear of the management system of the ideological and political education for CSWD,creating laws and statutes of the ideological and political education for CSWD,expanding the funding for the ideological and political education for CSWD.更多还原