【作者】 宦盛奎；

【导师】 王人博；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 从传统中国的“文治”步入近代国家的“文人统治”的步伐过于急促,尤其所有的这一切都要在使国家变得富强这一总目标下进行。本文将以军——文关系为视角,以1918——1920年的北京政府为分析对象,尝试了解这一时期地方主义和军事因素的过于膨胀是如何影响到宪法上规定机关的实际运作以及对宪法危机的处理的。通过叙述段祺瑞所组织的参战军与安福国会,以及徐世昌在派系斗争中寻求和平的努力,我们可以看出,虽然“军阀”们未尝不尽力为国家寻找一种政治体制,试图将军事力量局限于一定的范围,但在此过程中,军人领袖成为“军阀”,参与政治的文人大多成为附庸于军人的政客。在这种军人与政客的联合统治中,宪法以及宪政体制的运行,成为某一派系“合法性”统治的装饰,人们可以采取各式各样的理由为自己的行动寻找合法性的依据。这种军人和政客联合的政治所能够吸纳的政治参与力量是十分狭窄的,他们制造的分裂与混乱却为反对现状的思想传播提供了绝好的机会。只是,在反对军阀的过程中,人们只能借助于更强的军事力量以消除这些分裂的势力,政治的军事化依然是我们无法不面对的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The transformation from traditional dynasty’s Wenzhi to modern state’s civilian control is too rapid,and all the endeavors must be done on the total aim of making China prosperous and strong.From the perspective of military-civil relations,focusing on the 1918-1920 Beijing government, this dissertation analyzes and understands how the over-expanded localism and military powers affect the actual functions of the institutions regulated by the constitution and also how the Constitutionalism Crisis has been settled.By narrating the Participation Army and the An-fu club initiated by Duan Qirui,and Hsu Shih-ch’ang’s endeavors to make peace between the factions,we can find out how the military leaders become warlords,and the civilians participating in the politics become politicians dependent to military strength although the warlords are ever trying to build up a political system to confine in some extent the military strengths.In the alliance of the military and politician the implement of constitution and constitutional institutions only become the decorations,so the factions can find all kinds of reasons to justify their actions.The political result of the alliance governance is that it can only attract a narrow political participation while the splits and chaos it created produce a huge chance for the development and spread of anti-warlordism.In the proceeding of anti warlords,people can only appeal to another stronger military strength to eliminate these spitting strengths,and the militarization of politics is still the question we can not avoid.更多还原