【作者】 朱家德；

【导师】 李一鸣；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 产业经济学， 2008， 博士

【副题名】以四川省泸州市白酒产业集群发展为例

【摘要】 产业集群的培育受经济、人文、社会、政治、地理、历史等复杂因素的影响。对它的研究必然要跨越经济学、管理学、社会学、地理学等多个学科,因此该研究有重要的理论和实践意义。按新古典主义经济学原理,世界各国的劳动力、技术、经济能力会在地理上均匀分布而不是集中,因为除了运输成本以外,可交易的货物或劳务在哪里都一样,都是同质的。集群经济的发展将加速区际间产业内和产业间的分工进程,导致不同区域的专业化和等级体系更加明显,彼此之间的相互依赖和联系更加密切。集群演进和集群内部企业的扩张,会衍生出边缘产业群,从而沿着产业链或创新链形成集聚群,也就是经济区。所以,深入研究产业集群理论,有利于提高我国区际分工效率,从而为促进区域协调发展提供依据和新的思路。深入研究培育产业集群与提升城市竞争力理论有利于从单个企业的发展转到跨部门或产业内的价值链分工活动的发展;从游离的企业个体转向企业集群;从国家和区域内部的视角转到地方和全球相互作用的视角;从片面强调大集团转向形成“大、中、小共生”协调发展的产业组织结构,从片面强调硬环境转向发展软环境,从模糊“跟风”确定产业支柱转向以培育区域特色产业群形成和壮大支柱产业。深入研究产业集群理论有利于解决目前我国地方企业集群存在的问题,促进地区集群经济的可持续发展。产业群现象在我国已相当普遍,但这些产业区中仍然存在诸如集群不经济、工业园区非集群化、国有企业集中地区如何形成集群、怎样实现现有集群的扩张与升级等问题。此类问题的解决,既需要实践的探索,也需要发挥理论研究的抽象与前瞻思维为其提供依据并进行方向性指导。同时,通过对培育产业集群与提升城市竞争力问题的研究,既可以发现国外集群的发展轨迹,又可以揭示和总结中国特色的集群发展规律和经验,从而为我国未形成集群的地区提供借鉴。世界城市化发展气势如虹,城市逐渐成为全球经济社会发展的焦点。以高度流动性、高度集约化、高度垄断性和高度渗透性为主要特征的经济全球化浪潮,一方面加速了城市功能的国际化进程,使城市之间的相互依赖性逐步增强,另一方面,也使国家之间的竞争向城市之间、区域之间的竞争转化,加剧了城市之间的国际竞争。此外,以高度知识化、信息化为特征的高新技术革命正推动城市文明发生更大变革,促使城市功能与结构重组与演变。城市的优势与劣势、城市的互补与竞争、城市的分工与合作、城市的繁兴与衰微无不与城市竞争力紧密相连。因此,深入研究培育产业集群与提升城市竞争力问题,既有助于正确认识和评价城市的现状和潜力,制定恰当的竞争与合作战略,形成合理的区域经济格局,实现城市间的优势互补和良性竞争,又有助于我国城市参与国际竞争与国际分工。泸州市地处川、滇、黔、渝四省市重要结合部,区位优势明显,地理位置突出,酒业、化工、能源、机械四大产业在全国都有一定优势,工业基础扎实。同时拥有泸州老窖集团、郎酒集团等实力强、规模大、水平高的白酒生产企业,2006年,泸州白酒工业产值达53.83亿元,占全市GDP的16.26%,创造税收5.68亿元,占全市地方财政收入的37.12%。发展酒业拥有较好的产业基础和坚实的人才、技术支撑。以及得天独厚的自然条件、悠久的历史文化。泸州市实施工业强市战略,培育产业集群,应突出发展白酒产业,着力打造全国著名的白酒生产基地,抓住泸州老窖集团、郎酒集团纳入四川省大企业、大集团培育名单的契机,加大培育力度,进一步做强做大这两个酒业龙头企业,增强对泸州市酒业的支撑力和带动力。继续培育壮大酒类“小巨人”企业,完成一批“小巨人”企业技改扩建项目。加快泸州酒业集中发展区建设,进一步完善泸州酒业集中发展区一期工程,创新和健全园区管理机制、利益机制,尽快启动二期工程建设,努力打造产业链,形成产业集群,把酒业集中发展区打造成中国最大的白酒OEM园区。本文通过对国内外研究产业集群理论、城市竞争力理论的分析和实证分析,不仅对我国产业集群的培育与发展从理论和实践两个方面进行探讨,而且在关于产业集群类型与模式拓展和提升城市竞争力的理论研究上有所创新,并为泸州市实施产业集群发展战略、提升城市竞争力、提出针对性、操作性强的对策措施,从而推进新型工业化、新型城镇化进程。一、研究思路和框架结构全文分为七个部分。第一部分导论,总体上论述产业集群与提升城市竞争力的理论问题和论文的框架结构。第二部分阐述经济学界关于产业集群的理论观点。第三部分对城市竞争力理论进行分析。第四部分阐述产业集群与城市竞争力的相互作用,文中论述产业集群的作用,阐述提升城市竞争力对产业集群的作用;分析产业集群竞争理论,认为培育产业集群是提升城市竞争力的必然要求。第五部分阐述培育产业集群与提升城市竞争力的路径选择。分析产业集群中需要解决的主要问题,阐述城市政府在培育产业集群中的职能作用。第六部分以四川省泸州市白酒产业集中发展区为例,对产业集群发展进行实证分析。分析中国酒业发展的现状和走势,泸州酒业发展现状、机遇与挑战,论述泸州建立酒业集中发展区的意义与布局,提出建立酒业集中区,提升泸州城市竞争力的思路。第七部分提出打造“中国酒城”品牌与提升泸州竞争力的对策。分析泸州市市情,认为打造“中国酒城”品牌是提升泸州城市竞争力的迫切要求,提出打造“中国酒城”品牌,提升泸州城市竞争力的路径。二、本文的研究方法一是系统方法。本文在研究过程中,大量运用了系统方法及其原则。在研究对象上,本文力求从企业之间及其企业与城市内其他经济主体之间的相互关系来探索作为城市产业发展系统的集群的形成演进规律,而不是孤立地去分析单个企业的行为或满足于解剖其内部结构。也就是说,将产业集群内以企业为主体的网络结点之间实际存在的竞争与合作关系、正式与非正式关系、经济与社会关系和由于这些关系而产生的企业群体作为研究的对象。另外,在理论基础的溯源借鉴和学术营养的吸收吸取上,由于企业集群是产业网络、创新网络和社会网络“三合一”的区域经济系统,其形成演进过程中涉及区域的经济、社会、政治、地理、历史等复杂因素的综合作用,对它的研究必然要跨越经济学、管理学、社会学、地理学等多个学科,因此,在以经济学的理论和方法揭示和透析集群与区域发展机制时,需要将其他这些学科的理论和方法交叉运用和融合起来,才能够分析集群系统内部各个子系统的创新与整合作用。所以,跨学科多角度系统分析就成为本文研究的重要方法。二是实证分析与规范分析相结合,宏观、中观、微观分析相结合。实证分析是对产业集群案例做客观描述,主要分析“是什么”,规范分析是研究产业集群“好”、“差”的判定标准,并用这些标准去衡量、评价产业集群。三、本文的创新与不足(一)本文的创新本论文的写作在学习借鉴现有研究成果的基础上.,力求在以下方面有所创新:1、本文在研究视角上,把培育产业集群与提升城市竞争力结合。本文认为,培育产业集群是提升城市竞争力的必然要求,产业集群与城市竞争力相互作用,产业竞争力决定城市竞争力,产业集群有利于提升城市竞争力,提升城市竞争力有利于促进产业集群发展。2、在论述培育产业集群与提升城市竞争力的路径选择中,注重城市政府在培育产业集群中的职能作用,提出政府培育和引导产业集群着力点,加强集群品牌营销与保护,提升城市竞争力。3、在培育产业集群中,要树立城市可持续发展战略观,以市场为导向合理配置城市资源,提升城市竞争力。并较系统地探讨了产业集群培育与提升城市竞争力应处理好的多方面关系4、坚持理论联系实际的原则,以四川省泸州市白酒产业集中区为例,对产业集群进行实证分析,酒业是泸州市的支柱产业,本文对泸州酒业集中的布局和发展思路清晰,认为建立酒业集中区,有利于提升泸州城市竞争力。本文提出打造“中国酒城”品牌与提升泸州城市竞争力的对策中,认为要建设高质量的原料基地,充分发挥名酒龙头企业的带头作用,弘扬酒文化,要搞好规划,扩大宣传力度,通过推动泸州市港口经济发展,提升泸州城市竞争力。(二)本文的不足在本文的研究中,由于本人水平和资料收集等多种因素限制,从而使论文研究存在以下不足:产业集群定量研究需要进一步深化;城市竞争力指标体系需要进一步完善,对城市竞争力缺乏相应的计量模型分析等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The formation of industrial cluster is the result of the comprehensive effect of the complicated factors such as economy, humanity, society, politics, geography and history, etc. Thus, the research into industrial cluster will inevitably cover many disciplines such as economics, management, sociology and geography, etc, and its theoretical significance is multi-sided. According to neo-classic economics principle, the labor, technology and economic capability of different countries in the world can be distributed geographically evenly, instead of being concentrated, because the tradable goods and service are the same everywhere and of the same quality except the transport cost. The development of cluster economy will accelerate the intra-industry and inter-industry process of division of labor between different regions, thus the specialization and hierarchy systems of different regions are more obvious, and interdependence and interrelation among the regions are closer. Cluster evolution and intra-cluster enterprise expansion will produce derived industrial cluster, then it follows the industrial chain or innovative chain to form the cluster, that is, economic zone. Therefore, deep research into industrial cluster theory is conducive to enhancing inter-regional labor division efficiency of our country, thus offering basis and new idea for promoting regional harmonious development.The theory of deep research into nurturing industrial cluster and enhancing city competitiveness is conducive to the transition from single enterprise development to trans-sector or intra-industry value chain labor division development, the transition from discursive single enterprise to enterprise cluster, the transition from intra-national or intra-regional perspective to locally and globally interactive perspective, the transition from singly emphasizing big bloc to the formation of“big, middle and small-sized entities co-existing”harmoniously developing industrial structure, the transition from singly emphasizing hardware environment to the development of software environment, the transition from blindly“following tide”to determine pillar industries to the nurturing of regionally characteristic industrial cluster to form and enlarge pillar industries, and the transition from system barrier pileup to system penetration and system integration. The theory of deep research into industrial cluster is conducive to solving the problem of local enterprise cluster in our country, and promoting the sustainable development of regional cluster economy. Industrial clusters are fairly common in our country, but these industrial clusters still have the following problems: Cluster uneconomical, industrial parks not clustered, how to form clusters in areas with dense state-owned enterprises, and how to realize the expansion and upgrade of existing clusters. To solve these problems, we need to both explore practically and exert abstract and far-reaching thought of theoretical research to offer basis and direction guidance to them. At the same time, research into the issue of industrial cluster nurturing and city competitiveness enhancement can not only know the redevelopment path of foreign clusters, but also expose and summarize Chinese characteristic cluster development rule and experience, thus offering reference to the regions without clusters in our country.City development in the world is on a great momentum. City is gradually becoming the focus of global economic and social development. Economic globalization wave mainly characterized by high fluidity, high intensiveness, high monopoly and high penetrability on the one hand accelerates the internationalization progress of city function, increasing the interdependence among cities, and on the other hand makes competition of countries change into the competition of cities and regions, increasing international competition among cities. Besides, hi-tech revolution characterized by high knowledge nature and high informationalization is now pushing city civilization to have greater changes, thus promoting the reorganization and evolution of city function and structure. Advantage and disadvantage of the cities, mutual supplement and competition of the cities, labor division and cooperation of the cities, and prosperity and decline of the cities are by every means closely related to competitiveness of the cities. Thus, the issue of deep research into city industrial cluster nurturing and city competitiveness enhancement can both help to recognize and evaluate the status quo and potential of cities correctly, make proper competition and cooperation strategies, form reasonable regional economic pattern, realize the mutual supplement of advantages and benign competition among cities, and help to enable cities in our country to participate in international competition and international division of labor. Luzhou City is located at the important junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Chongqing, with obvious position advantage and good geographical location. The four big industries of wine, chemical industry, energy and machinery of Luzhou have some advantages throughout the country. Meanwhile, the city has a batch of industrial enterprises with good strength, big scale and high level, such as Luzhou Lao Jiao, Lang Jiu Wine, Lu Tian Hua, Tianhua Company, Northern Chemical Industry, Northern Nitrocellulose Company and“San Chang”, the industrial base of Luzhou is solid and Luzhou has an advantageous position in Sichuan’s industrial development. Luzhou is a famous wine city in China, the development of wine industry in Luzhou has advantaged natural condition, long history and culture, good industrial basis, solid talent and technical support. The strategy of invigorating the city with industry and the nurturing of industrial cluster in Luzhou City shall emphatically develop wine industry, and try to forge nationwide famous wine production base. We will grasp the opportunity that Luzhou Lao Jiao Group and Lang Jiu Wine Group are included in the large group nurturing list of Sichuan, strengthen nurturing efforts, and further solidify and enlarge the two leading wine enterprises, thus increasing the sustaining force and pushing force to Luzhou’s wine industry. We will continue to nurture and enlarge“small giant”enterprises, and complete the technical renovation and construction expansion projects of a batch of“small giants”. We will accelerate the construction of Luzhou wine industry concentrated development zone, further perfect first-phase project construction of Luzhou wine industry concentrated development zone, innovate and perfect industrial park management mechanism and interest mechanism, start second-phase project construction as soon as possible, try to forge industrial chain, form industrial cluster, and make the wine industry concentrated development zone into the largest wine OEM park in China. Through analysis of domestic and overseas industrial cluster theory research and city competitiveness theory research and positive analysis, this article not only discusses industrial cluster nurturing and development of our country in theory and in practice, but also present some innovations concerning the theoretical research into industrial cluster type and mode expansion and city competitiveness enhancement, it also offers targeted and operative measures concerning the implementation of industrial cluster development strategy and city competitiveness enhancement of Luzhou, thus pushing the new-type industrialization and new-type urbanization process.I. Research idea and frameThe article is divided into seven parts. The first part is the lead, generally narrating the theoretical issue of industrial cluster and city competitiveness enhancement, and the frame of the thesis. The second part narrates theoretical viewpoints of economics circle concerning industrial cluster. The third part analyzes city competitiveness theory. The fourth part narrates the interaction between industrial cluster and city competitiveness, discusses the function of industrial cluster, expounds the effect of city competitiveness enhancement on industrial cluster, analyzes industrial cluster competition theory, and believes that industrial cluster nurturing is the inevitable requirement of city competitiveness enhancement. The fifth part narrates the path choice of industrial cluster nurturing and city competitiveness enhancement, analyzes the major problems to be solved in industrial cluster, and expounds the functional effect of city governments in industrial cluster nurturing. The sixth part takes the example of the wine industry concentrated development zone of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province to make positive analysis of industrial cluster development, analyzes the status quo and trend of China’s wine industry development, the status quo, opportunity and challenge of Luzhou’s wine industry, narrates the significance and the layout of constructing wine industry concentrated development zone in Luzhou, and presents the idea of constructing wine industry concentrated zone to enhance the competitiveness of Luzhou. The seventh part presents the measure of forging“Wine City of China”brand and enhancing the competitiveness of Luzhou, analyzes Luzhou’s city situation, believes that forging“Wine City of China”brand is the urgent requirement of enhancing the city competitiveness of Luzhou, and presents the path of forging“Wine City of China”brand and enhancing the city competitiveness of Luzhou.II. Research method of this articleThe first method is systematic method. In the process of research, this article uses a great number of systematic methods and principles. Concerning the research object, the article endeavors to follow the interrelation between enterprises and between enterprises and other urban economic entities to explore the formation and evolution rule of clusters which function as city industrial development system, instead of singly analyzing the behavior of single enterprise or only anatomizing its internal structure. That is, it takes the existing competition and cooperation relationship, formal and informal relationship, economic and social relationship between the network nodes mainly composed of enterprises within industrial clusters and clusters and groups resulting from these relationships as research objects. Besides, concerning the retrospect and reference of theoretical basis and absorption of academic nutrition, as enterprise cluster is a“three in one”regional economic system combining industrial network, innovation network and social network, its formation and evolution process involves the comprehensive effects of economic, social, political, geographic and historical factors of the region, research into the object will inevitably cover many disciplines, such as economics, management, sociology, and geography. Therefore, while exposing and analyzing cluster and regional development mechanism with economics theory and method, we need to mutually utilize and fuse the theories and methods of other disciplines, thus we can analyze the innovative and integrative function of sub-systems within the cluster system. Therefore, inter-disciplinary and multi-angled systematic analysis becomes an important research method of this article.The second method is the combination of positive analysis and normative analysis, the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and the combination of macro, medium and micro analysis. Positive analysis is to make objective description of industrial cluster case, mainly analyzing“What”. Normative analysis is to research the judgment standard of“good”or“poor”industrial cluster, and use the standard to measure and evaluate industrial cluster.III. Innovation and shortcoming of the article(I) Innovation of the articleOn the basis of learning and borrowing from currently available research achievements, this thesis tries to make the following innovations:1.On research perspective, this thesis combines industrial cluster nurturing with city competitiveness enhancement.The article holds the idea that nurturing industrial cluster is the inevitable requirement of enhancing city competitiveness, industrial cluster and city competitiveness interact with each other, industrial competitiveness decides city competitiveness, industrial cluster is conducive to enhancing city competitiveness, and city competitiveness enhancement is conducive to industrial cluster development.2.In narrating the path choice of nurturing industrial cluster and enhancing city competitiveness, the article attaches importance to the functional effect of city governments in industrial cluster nurturing, proposing that the government nurture and guide key industrial clusters, strengthen cluster brand marketing and protection, and promote city competitiveness.3. In nurturing industrial cluster, we shall erect scientific city development strategy concept, follow market orientation to allocate city resources reasonably, and enhance city competitiveness.4.The article persists in the principle of relating theory to practice. It takes the wine industry concentrated zone of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province as an example, makes positive analysis of industrial cluster. Wine industry is a pillar industry of Luzhou, this article has a clear idea about the layout and development of Luzhou’s wine industry concentration, and believes that constructing wine industry concentrated zone is conducive to enhancing city competitiveness of Luzhou. The article presents the measure of forging“Wine City of China”brand and enhancing competitiveness of Luzhou, and believes that if we want to carry forward wine culture, Make the planning well and strengthen promulgation efforts, promote harbor economy development of Luzhou, and enhance the city competitiveness of Luzhou. The thesis proposes the to-be-treated relationship between nurturing industrial cluster and enhancing city competitiveness,and presents the idea and development goal of forging“Wine City of China”.(II) Shortcoming of the articleDuring the research, this thesis has the following drawbacks due to limitations of many factors, such as the level of the writer and the material collection: Quantitative analysis of industrial cluster needs further deepening; City competitiveness index system needs further improvement; It lacks equivalent quantitative model analysis etc concerning city competitiveness.更多还原