【作者】 高松；

【导师】 杜纲；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 进入21世纪,面对世界性资源危机,循环经济和可持续发展成为日益被关注的研究主题。作为循环经济一部分的资源性废物的利用问题也受到越来越多的重视,并且成为全球性的重大现实问题。随着我国对外开放程度的不断扩大和发展,资源性可利用废物的国际贸易也逐渐展开。我国从上个世纪90年代开始进口国外的资源性固体废物,但由于缺乏系统完善的管制和管理制度,一些危险和污染性洋垃圾或者利用价值不大的废物伴随着资源性的可利用固体废物涌入我国境内,给我国的国家安全、经济安全、人民健康带来了很大的危害。因此,研究资源性可利用废物的进口管制和有效利用问题具有十分重要的现实意义。本文基于现代管理理论和国际贸易理论,综合运用定性与定量相结合的系统分析方法,对我国资源性可利用废物的进口管制和有效利用问题进行了比较系统和深入的研究。本文的主要工作和创新点如下:第一,基于环境因素和投入产出模型对我国进口资源性固体废物的价值进行了分析;建立了基于环境风险和可利用价值的固体废物分类的二维分析模型,由此对进口固体废弃物重新进行了分类。第二,建立了基于灰色预测方法的我国资源性固体废物需求预测模型;以进口废纸的需求量为例对其今后几年的需求量进行了实际预测;预测结果表明我国现阶段还将会对某些种类的进口固体废物有较大的需求。第三,对我国和西方发达国家的固体废物管制方面法律、法规及循环利用的现状进行了比较研究;分析了我国在固体废物管理方面的差距和可借鉴的方面,提出我国在固体废物进口管制以及废物循环利用方面的法律、法规的改进原则和框架,以及今后制定相关法律法规的具体建议。第四,在研究以往进口管制政策的基础上,结合国际条约、贸易规则提出改进和完善我国现阶段对固体废物进口管制的策略和措施,包括对管理机构的约束,对海外供货商的许可,对收货人的管理制度,对监管仓库的监管,以及对废物再生的商品加贴环境安全标签等。第五,基于循环经济和可持续发展理论,提出进口固体废物利用的国际超循环结构模式,建立了对循环经济模式的可行性进行分析的生命周期模型,以及对利用效果进行综合评价的数学模型。最后,以进口废纸的循环再生(新闻纸)利用为例进行了实证研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 21^st century, the world has been facing with resource crisis. Circular economy and sustainable development became increasingly a focus as research subject. More and more importance is attached to the utilization of resource waste and it becomes an importantly practical problem all over the world. With the development of our country’s opening to the outside world, the international trade of resource waste gradually develops itself. Ever since 1990s, China has imported resource solid waste from abroad. However, due to the lacking of complete and systematical restraint, and administration system, some dangerous and contaminated“foreign rubbish”and waste with almost no value, together with resource solid waste, greatly harm economic, environmental, and personal security of our country. Therefore, a research on restraint of trade and effective utilization of importing resource solid waste is of significant practical meaning.Based on modern management theory and international trade theory, in combination with quality and quantity systematic analysis, the dissertation does a systematical and thorough research on restraint of trade and effective utilization of importing resource solid waste.The main task and creativity of this dissertation lie in:Firstly, based on environmental factor and input-output model, the dissertation analyzes the value of importing resource solid waste, establishes a two-dimension numerical analysis model, and thus recategorizes solid waste imported.Secondly, the dissertation establishes a demand prediction model of China’s resource solid waste based on prediction grey model. The dissertation also sets the demand for waste paper as an example and predicts the demand of waste paper in China after a few years. The result reveals that our country is in great demand for some sort of importation resource solid waste at present.Thirdly, the dissertation does a comparable research on the law and code of solid waste restraint and the current situation of cyclic utilization between China and western developed countries. Besides, the dissertation analyzes the distance China’s management of solid waste from developed country and aspects can be used for reference. The improvement principle and framework of law and code of solid waste trade restraint and waste cyclic utilization, and specific suggestion for the constitution of related law in future are put forward.Fourthly, based on the research on trade restraint previously, together with international treaty and trade rules, the strategies and measures for improving trade restraint of China’s solid waste importation currently are put forward, including restraint for management organization, admission for overseas suppliers, management rules for consignees, and inspection for depot, and labeling safety tag on waste regenerative products.Fifthly, based on circular economy and sustainable development theory, the international structure model of importation solid waste utilization is put forward. The other achievements of the research are life-cycle model to analyze feasibility of circular economy model, and mathematical model making synthesis evaluation on utilization effect.Finally, empirical research on regeneration and circulation of importation waste paper （newspaper paper） are done.更多还原