【作者】 田雨辰；

【导师】 涂光备；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 计量供热是落实我国节能环保发展战略、满足人民对热舒适性要求不断提高的必然,也是我国供热体制改革的重要组成部分。计量供热是一项系统工程,具有可调控性、可计量性、变流量性等特点。通过理论研究和实验分析,本论文对计量供热系统的设计、运行和计量收费中存在的相关问题进行了分析。第一章,对国外计量供热的发展状况和相关政策、法规进行了评估和借鉴,指出实施供热计量的必要条件:达到建筑节能标准的建筑,完善的、可计量的供热系统,操作性强的热价和收费方法,相关配套的政策和法规;阐述了计量供热的概念、特点分析我国计量供热的发展现状,找出了存在的问题。第二章,通过建立室内温度控制数学模型,对室内温度相关干扰量进行了分析计算,提出了计量供热变流量系统控制与运行调节不能单纯采用补偿控制质调节和量调节;通过引入热权度必须≥1,提出了计量供热变流量系统气候补偿控制质调节和末端散热器恒温阀量调节控制相结合的串级控制和运行调节模式。第三章,分析了变流量系统运行对末端调节阀实际阀权度的影响,建立了恒温阀室内温度控制数学模型,推导出恒温阀控制比例带的相关公式。通过计算和实验分析,分析了恒温阀的调节特性和恒温阀的节能原理以及免费热和行为调节的节能潜力。第四章,分析了在不同控制方式下的循环水泵变频调速的供热系统中,各个立管用户资用压力的变化情况以及对系统的影响。系统研究分析了差压控制器的比例控制特性,阐述了不同差压控制器应用方案的适用性。分析了变流量用户和定流量用户共存的供热系统的管网控制方案。分析了循环水泵相似定律的适用性,绘制水泵等效率曲线,阐述了变频调速后对水泵效率的影响。研究分析了变频器的配置方案和最大流量和最小流量限制的必要性。分析比较了不同变频控制方案的节能潜力和系统适用性,在此基础上提出了采用多位置、多差压传感器控制等优化方案。第五章,通过对供热成本分析,指出制定计量供热热价和收费方案的原则和两部制热价的必要性,提出三种热价和收费方案。在引入“热舒适度”的基础上,提出了热费修正的必要性和修正方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heat metering is proposed by the strategy of the energy saving and environment protection, agrees with the demand of the dwells’thermal comfort. The thesis is focused on the design, operation and charging.By setting up the mathematic control model of the inner room temperature, analyzes the disturbing factors and points out that only the compensating control or only quantity control is not fully suitable for the metering heating system. By citing that the heat authority must be beyond 1, points out that metering heating system should apply the series control mode that central compensating control combines with the quantity control of TRV terminals.Analyzes how the flow variation affects the valve characteristic of terminal control valve by inciting the real valve authority. Setting up the mathematic control model of the inner room temperature for TRVs, turns out the formulas of the proportional band of the TRVs. Through the experiment and calculation, studies the valve characteristic and energy saving principle and affection of the TRVs.By analyzing how the flow variation and available differential pressure variation affect the heating system with variable speed pump and constant pump separately, points out that these problems above can not be solved by variable speed pump but only by applying the differential pressure controllers. Studies the control characteristic and the applying method of the differential pressure controllers. Analyzes the condition of constant flow users and variable flow within one heating system and sets forth the relative control methods. Analyzes the limit of the affinity law for centrifugal pumps and how the flow variation affects the efficiency of the pumps by drawing out the efficiency curve for variable speed pumps. Studies the allocation modes of variable frequency devices and analyzes the necessity of the flow and head limit for pumps. Compares the energy-saving affection and suitability for the heating system of the different control modes for variable speed pumps, sets forth the optimum control modes with multiple sites and sensors for variable speed pumps.Points out the principles of heat price and charging, and that the two parts for heat price is essential. Presents three methods for heat price and charging and the ways to revise the heat bill.更多还原