【作者】 郑斌；

【导师】 李凤岐；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境规划与管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 城市群是工业化、城市化进程中,区域空间形态的高级现象,城市群可以扩大聚集经济的优势,有利于统筹规划,实现产业结构的调整;城市群有利于不同模式城市之间优势互补;城市群还可以扩大城市化中的辐射作用。因此,统筹规划、发展和建设城市群是城市化战略的优势选择。国外发达国家由于工业化、城市化起步较早,现在已经基本形成了比较成熟的城市群形态。城市群同样也是我国走中国特色城市化道路过程中的必然选择,是中国区域经济发展与城市化发展相结合的产物,而且正在日益成为我国区域经济发展的重要支撑点。国家国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要指出:“要把城市群作为推进城镇化的主体形态。”从国际竞争的角度看,一个国家能真正参与到国际竞争的,实际上是城市群。城市群成为国家参与全球竞争与国际分工的基本地域单元,它的发展深刻影响着国家的国际竞争力,影响一个国家城市化发展的水平和质量,对国家持续稳定发展具有重大意义。我国城市群是否能够实现可持续发展决定着我国的可持续发展战略能否顺利实现。城市群能够提高生产要素的空间配置效率,促进地区经济增长,具有经济合理性。但与此同时,城市群发展过程中大规模的人口和产业聚集也加剧了资源供需矛盾和环境污染等问题,环境与发展的矛盾日益明显,尤其是我国的城市群已经出现了比较明显的环境问题复杂化趋势。现阶段,国际性的环境合作开展较多,城市群层面的环境合作开展较少,我国学术界对于城市群环境问题的研究也比较少,我国城市群的环境与发展的矛盾是怎样产生的,具体表现在哪些方面,如何才能有效解决这些矛盾,以实现城市群的可持续发展。这些都需要我们以科学发展观为指导,从多角度、多领域进行比较深入地研究和探讨,找到解决城市群环境问题的有效途径。本文以中国城市群的环境问题为研究对象,通过对中国城市群的特点研究,首先分析了目前中国城市群的环境现状,指出:中国东部沿海地区的城市群已经具有相当规模,由于产业发达、人口密集、资源消耗量大,地区生态承载力已经达到了极限,其环境问题更多表现为资源短缺与生态破坏;中部地区城市群多数尚处于雏形,由于产业结构不合理,经济增长方式还比较粗放,环境问题重点表现为资源开发过度造成的生态破坏和污染严重,并且对目前环境问题的解决还局限于资金和技术的不足;西部地区城市群的发展虽然才刚刚起步,但所处地区的自然条件恶劣,环境生态承载力相当脆弱,历史原因又造成产业结构中重工业比重过大,高耗能、高污染的企业多,污染物的排放总量居高不下,水污染和大气污染等问题相当严重,经济不发达的情况下面临着节能减排和生态恢复的双重压力。总而言之,中国城市群普遍面临的环境问题主要有:资源供需矛盾,主要包括水资源紧缺和土地资源短缺;水污染严重,特别是由于城市化和产业聚集造成的流域污染叠加和海域污染;由于自然因素和产业结构规划不合理造成的复合大气污染;噪声污染;以及地质灾害频发,污染物转移造成土壤污染;固体废弃物产出量大而综合利用和处置率低等问题。同时本文分析了城市群环境问题产生的原因,指出人口密集、产业趋同和资源利用的同质性造成了环境污染和资源紧缺,由于自然和人为的原因使污染物转移和叠加效应增大了环境问题的严重性和危害。随着目前我国城市群的发展趋势,环境问题还会进一步加剧。解决城市群的环境问题已经到了刻不容缓的地步。本文指出,现阶段城市群环境问题已经不能单靠个别城市来解决,并且环境外部性理论表明了随着污染物的转移,由某一城市独自解决本不属于它的环境问题是不合理也是不公平的。构建城市群环境合作机制是科学的选择,只有在可持续发展理论和环境合作理论指导下,通过开展不同层面的环境合作,才能最终有效地解决城市群环境问题。本论文通过借鉴前人的理论研究成果,在紧密结合中国城市群发展的实际基础上,提出应该在自愿性、平等性、互利合作性等的原则基础上,系统性地构建中国城市群环境合作的理论体系。继而提出城市群环境合作制度建设的基本框架,并进一步提出适宜的配套政策措施,包括经济措施、法规措施、行政措施和社会措施等等。本文的最终目的是通过环境合作机制的约束,建立健康、协调、集约化、可持续的城市群发展之路,以期为中国实现可持续发展的战略目标提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the industrialization and urbanization process,the urban agglomeration is a senior regional spatial patterns phenomenon;Urban agglomerations can expand the advantages of agglomeration economy and advantageous in the master plan,and realization of the adjustment of industrial structure;urban agglomeration to different modes of complementary advantages between cities,urban agglomeration can also expand in the cities of the radiation effect.Therefore,the master plan, the development and the construction urban agglomeration are the urbanized strategy superiority choices.As developed countries industrialization,urbanization started early,and now has been basically formed a relatively mature form of urban agglomeration.Urban agglomeration is also in China’s road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics in the process of an inevitable choice of China’s regional economic development and urban development of a product of integration,and are increasingly becoming the region has become China’s important support for economic development.In the Chinese characteristic urbanization path process in the 21st century,the appearance of urban agglomeration is one inevitable trend,moreover is becoming the regional economies development the important center of resistance.National economic and social development in the 11th Five-Year Plan Outline pointed out:"To promote the urban agglomeration as the main form of urbanization." From the point of view of international competitiveness,in a country,the urban agglomeration can really participate in the international competition,urban agglomeration has become a country in the global competition and the international division of labor’s basic geographic unit,and its profound impact on the development of the country’s international competitiveness,and a national urban development in the level and quality of its sustained and stable development of countries is of great significance.Whether our country urban agglomeration can realize the sustainable development to decide whether our country’s sustainable development does realize smoothly.Theoretically says,the urban agglomeration can enhance the element of production the space locatives effects,promotes the local economic growth,it has the economical rationality.But at the same time,in the urban agglomeration developing process the large-scale population and the industrial accumulation also intensified resources questions and so on supply and demand contradiction and environmental pollution.The environment and the development contradiction is day by day obvious, particularly our country’s urban agglomeration already had the quite obvious environment question complication tendency.The present stage, the international environment cooperation development are many,the urban agglomeration environment cooperation development are few,our country academic circle are also quite few regarding the urban agglomeration environment question’s research,How our country urban agglomeration’s environment and does the development contradiction is produce,which aspects can the concrete manifestation,how effective addressing these contradictions to realize the urban agglomeration sustainable development.These need we take the scientific development concept as the instructions,from the multiple perspectives,the multi-domains conducts quite thoroughly the research and the discussion, found the solution urban agglomeration environment question the efficient path.The paper take the urban agglomeration as the object of study, through to the Chinese urban agglomeration’s characteristic research, has analyzed the present Chinese urban agglomeration environment present situation,pointed out:The east China coastal area’s urban agglomeration already had the suitable scale,because the industry developed,densely populated,resource consumption,the region’s ecological capacity to the limiters environment question more performance for shortage of resources and ecological damage;The middle area urban agglomeration was still in the embryonic form,As an irrational industrial structure,the mode of economic growth is still relatively extensive,environmental issues focus on the development of resources for the performance over the ecological damage and cause serious pollution,to solute the environment questions limited to the fund and the technical insufficiency;The western area urban agglomeration just started,but where the harsh natural conditions and the environment ecology supporting capacity is quite frail.Historical reasons has also caused the proportion of the heavy industry in the industrial structure,high energy consumption,high pollution enterprises,the total emissions of pollutants high,water pollution and air pollution are very serious,In the case of economic underdevelopment facing energy reduction and ecological restoration of the double pressure.In short,China’s urban agglomerations were generally faced with major environmental problems:conflict between supply and demand of resources,including the scarcity of water resources and land resources shortage of serious water pollution,especially because of urbanization and industrialization gathered the waters and watershed pollution stack pollution because natural factors and the irrational industrial structure planning composite atmospheric pollution.And frequent geological disasters,the transfer of pollutants causing soil pollution.Solid waste output and the comprehensive utilization and disposal of low-rate issues.Simultaneously the paper has analyzed the reason why the urban agglomeration environment question produces,pointed out that the resources use the homogeneity intensified scarcely,the pollution shift and the superimposed effect have increased the gravity and the harm.With China’s current trend of the development of urban agglomerations,the environment will further exacerbate the problem.Address urban environmental issues-has been of no delay now.The paper elaborated the urban agglomeration environment question already not to be able to depend on the individual city to solve only, And the environment positive externality theory shows that alone solve the environmental problems for a city are not it is unreasonable is unfair.The construction urban agglomeration environment cooperation mechanism was the scientific choice,only then through the development different stratification plane’s environment cooperation,the urban agglomeration environment problem could be solved finally.The paper through profits from predecessor’s fundamental research achievement,in unifies the Chinese urban cluster development closely in the actual foundation,Proposes should in voluntary,the equivalent, the mutual benefit cooperative and so on the principle foundation, systematically constructs the China urban agglomeration environmental cooperation theoretical system.Then the paper made the urban agglomeration environmental cooperation system and the basic framework of the building,and further appropriate supporting policies and measures,including the economy measures,laws and regulations measure, executive action and social measure and so on.Final goal of the paper is through the environment cooperative system’s restraint,establishes the Healthy,coordinated,intensification and sustainable urban agglomeration development road,and achieves the sustainable development strategic target for China to provide the reference.更多还原