多边贸易体制与美国的霸权权力

【作者】 赵航；

【导师】 熊志勇；

【作者基本信息】 外交学院 ， 国际关系， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 美国在战后主导建立了多边贸易体制。通过多边贸易体制的发展,美国获得了安全、财富、规则和价值观等四方面的收益,加强了其霸权权力。在安全上,多边贸易体制防止了战前关税战的重演,并在冷战时期为美国的全球安全战略服务;在财富上,多边贸易自由化为美国产品提供了更广阔的市场,推动了美国及其盟国的经济增长;在规则方面,美国以本国的法律规则为蓝本设计国际贸易规则,主导多边贸易谈判的议程设定,将美国关注的议题纳入到多边贸易体制中去,并通过加强多边贸易争端解决机制来规范国际贸易冲突。美国也利用多边规则的漏洞保护本国的经济利益;在价值观方面,美国通过发展多边贸易体制来推广经济自由主义,促进成员方的观念转变和制度变迁,以贸易自由塑造开放社会,并不断致力于将劳工和环境标准纳入到多边贸易规则中去。美国霸权从多边贸易体制的发展中获取了多重收益,其霸权权力和全球经济领导地位得到了加强。因此在美国未出现真正衰落的情况下,不会从多边贸易自由化的立场上后退,而会不断地推动多边贸易体制发展,将更多的经济领域纳入到这个轨道中来,接受多边规则的制约。当美国真正走向贸易保护主义之时,就是美国霸权衰落的开始。更多还原

【Abstract】 The United States established and developed the multilateral trade regime after the World War Two. During the development of multilateral trade regime, the hegemonic power of United States was strengthened on security, wealth, rules and value. On security, multilateral trade regime prevented the beggar-thy-neighbor tariff war and played a important role in the U.S. cold war strategy; on wealth, trade liberalization offer broaden international market for U.S. products and stimulate the economic growth of U.S. and its allies; on rules, the United States shape the multilateral trade rules base on the internal rules, dominate the agenda setting and put the topics that U.S. concerned into the multilateral trade negotiations, strengthened the dispute settlement body (DSB) to regulate the international trade conflicts; on value, through the development of multilateral trade regime, economic liberalism was accepted by contracting parties and accelerated their ideas change and institutional transition internal, formulate the foundation of open society.The United States hegemonic power and leadership was strengthened through the development of multilateral trade regime. Therefore the U.S. won’t stop pushing the multilateral trade liberalism until the American hegemony declines genuinely.更多还原