【作者】 张林；

【导师】 陈运生； 李永新；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 兵器科学与技术， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 线阵CCD交汇光靶测量系统是一种火炮武器射击密集度的测试系统,本文在阐述国内外研究现状的基础上,对CCD光靶测量系统的组成及设计方案进行了分析与研究;在技术路线上,采用理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究的方法对CCD交汇光靶及相关技术开展较为深入的研究,主要研究内容包括:(1)在CCD光靶测量系统中,CCD相机驱动电路的设计是其关键技术之一。根据系统的技术要求,文中选用了DALSA公司生产的高速CCD芯片IL-P3,在分析其驱动时序的基础上,详细阐述了CCD相机驱动电路的设计过程,给出了CCD驱动电路的时序仿真及相关测试波形,实验与仿真有较好的一致性。(2)根据CCD器件的结构及工作原理,文中对CCD的各种噪声及干扰进行了较详细地分析。根据噪声特点,提出了相应的噪声处理技术。在此基础上采用专用CCD视频信号处理芯片AD9840A和CPLD技术设计了CCD视频信号处理电路,并采用LVDS接口技术实现数据传输,不仅解决了数据传输速度和小型化的问题,而且由于减少了各自独立器件,使系统设计和调试的方便性及系统的稳定性都有所提高。(3)对CCD相机组成的交汇测量系统进行了同步控制研究,给出了在外同步触发方式下两相机同步采集动态目标的实验结果。实验表明,两CCD相机在外同步控制下,可以实现对动态目标的同步采集,成像行数的误差主要是两相机的非共面造成的,并对相机的非共面误差进行了研究与分析。(4)研究了坐标测量精度与相机系统各结构参数之间的关系,对光靶的布站方式进行了优化设计,通过计算机仿真得到了交汇测量系统的最佳结构参数。由于影响系统测量精度和目标捕获率的一个共同因素是靶面的光照分布,因此,对CCD光靶靶面的光照问题进行了研究。在分析天空背景亮度和目标光照度的基础上,详细分析了靶面光照对目标捕获率的影响,并给出了相关测试结果,验证了上述理论分析的正确性。(5)将小波变换方法应用于过靶目标图象帧的起始定位,检测实验表明,即使在干扰较大,信号变化缓慢的情况下,仍然能准确地分辨出信号的变化边沿,即能准确定位过靶目标图象的起始帧。更多还原

【Abstract】 Linear array CCD optical target intersection measurement system is a testing system of artillery firing dispersion, based on the domestic and foreign research results, the CCD system structure and overall design are analyzed and studied. Some deep researches are applied by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and physical experiments. The main works are followed:(1) The electronic circuit design is one of the key techniques of CCD intersection optical target measurement system. According to the technology requirements, high speed CCD sensor IL-P3 from DALSA Company is applied. The CCD camera driving circuit is considered and designed, and CCD driving circuit time serial simulation is made and correlated testing result waveform are gotten. The simulation results and the testing data are quietly consistent.(2)According to the CCD devices structure and principle, the noise and disturbance in the CCD system are studied elaborately. The treatment method is gotten based on the features of the noise. Special CCD video signal process chip AD9840A and CPLD technique is applied on CCD video signal treatment circuit, and the data are transmitted by LVDS interface, the problem of transmit velocity and dimension-minimize are solved, and the numbers of separated components are reduced, the convenience and stability of the design and testing are raised to a higher level.(3)Synchronization control characters are studied for the CCD camera intersection testing system, a doubled camera dynamic objective experiment result is obtained with external synchronous trigger mode. The result shows that the double-CCD is effective to realize synchronization collection to the dynamic objective, and the cause of line error of imaging is that two camera are not on one surface. The non-coplanar error is analyzed deeply.(4)The coordinate measurement accuracies and the relations between parameters of the camera are researched; optical target array optimization is made. The optimized parameters are obtained by computer simulation. The common influence factor to accuracy of measurements and the probability of objective catching is the illumination distribution. On the basis of lightness of the sky background and illumination, the influence of target surface illumination to the probability of objective catching is analyzed deeply, and the correlated result is given in which the theoretical analysis as mentioned above are verified. (5)Wavelet transmission method is applied on the starting image frame detection of the objective passing by the target. Experiment shows that even the disturbance is great and signal changes slowly, the edges of images can also be distinguished, the starting image frame is positioned accurately.更多还原