基于经济报道标题语料库的概念隐喻研究

【作者】 吴恩锋；

【导师】 黄华新；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本论文基于由国内三大经济类报纸《21世纪经济报道》、《中国经营报》、《经济观察报》2003-2006年共62307条文章标题构成的经济报道标题语料库,采用Lakoff & Johnson的概念隐喻理论框架,结合实例对经济报道中的概念隐喻进行实证性的研究,以期揭示经济报道中概念隐喻的认知规律。本论文共由五章构成:第一章为绪论,由四节构成。第一节为引言,介绍研究对象、方法和目标以及本论文的创新点。第二节为隐喻定义探讨,探析四部汉语词典及六部英语辞典对隐喻及相关术语的定义,并介绍以亚里士多德为代表的传统隐喻观和以Lakoff& Johnson为代表的认知隐喻观。第三节为我国隐喻研究概况,分析我国隐喻研究的热潮,对隐喻认知观和比喻修辞观的发展趋势进行对比,分析隐喻研究呈现出的多学科、跨学科的趋势。第四节为概念隐喻理论,回顾源远流长的隐喻研究,详细介绍Lakoff & Johnson的概念隐喻理论,探讨概念隐喻理论的发展和应用概况。第二章为经济报道中的方位隐喻,由三节构成。第一节探讨经济报道中的“上/下”方位隐喻,总结出“数字大或数量多是上;数字小或数量少是下/行政级别高是上;行政级别低是下/发展是上;衰退是下/处于某种状态或环境是上;离开某种状态或环境是下/优先或受重视的是上;置后或不重视的是下/在竞争中处于优势地位是上;在竞争中处于劣势地位是下/力量强是上;力量弱是下/高端客户群体是上;低端客户群体是下/程度强是上;程度弱是下/评价好或名次高是上;评价差或名次低是下”等十个映射类型并对其认知基础进行分析。第二节重点探讨经济报道中的“高/低”方位隐喻,总结出“数字大或数量多是高;数字小或数量少是低/行政级别在上是高;行政级别在下是低/质量好、价格贵是高;质量差、价格便宜是低/程度强是高;程度弱是低/力量强是高;(力量弱是低)/评价好是高;(评价差是低)/(复杂的或明智的是高);简单的或弱智的是低/地位重要是高;(地位不重要是低)”等八个映射类型并对其进行了必要的认知分析。第三节为本章小结。第三章为经济报道中的本体隐喻,由四节构成。第一节为经济报道中的实体与物质隐喻,以“财富是金”隐喻和“财富是水”隐喻为例进行了语义分析和认知分析。第二节为经济报道中的容器隐喻,以“房屋”隐喻和“仓”隐喻为例进行了语义分析和认知分析。第三节为经济报道中的人体隐喻,分别对以“身”、“手”、“头”、“下肢运动”、“其他身体部位”、“生育”等相关概念为始源域的隐喻进行了语义分析和认知分析。第四节为本章小结。第四章为经济报道中的结构隐喻,由十一节构成。基于语料库的统计数据,我们总结出十个结构隐喻类型,按出现概率的大小顺序排列依次为:战争隐喻、交通隐喻、天气隐喻、戏曲隐喻、博弈隐喻、饮食隐喻、教育隐喻、体育隐喻、医药隐喻、婚恋隐喻等。我们分十节对这十个结构隐喻类型分别进行了语义分析和认知分析。第十一节为本章小结。第五章为结论,由两节构成。第一节总结经济报道中概念隐喻的认知规律,第二节探讨本研究的不足之处并展望进一步研究的课题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the Corpus of the Economic Reports Article Titles composed of 62307 article titles from three main domestic economic newspapers-21 Century Business Herald, China Business, The Economic Observer Newspaper-from 2003 to 2006, and drawing on the theoretical structure of the conceptual metaphor by Lakoff & Johnson, this thesis is to explore the cognitive disciplines of the conceptual metaphors in the economic reports through the empirical study of the real conceptual metaphorical examples from the corpus.This thesis is composed of five chapters:Chapter One, Introduction, is composed of four sections. Section One is to introduce the object, methodology and target of this study, and the innovative points of this thesis. Section Two is to discuss the definition of the terms related with metaphor based on the analyses of the definitions from four Chinese dictionaries and six English dictionaries, and introduce the traditional metaphor perspectives represented by Aristotle and the cognitive metaphor perspectives represented by Lakoff & Johnson. Section Three is to briefly introduce the study of metaphor in our country through the analysis of the metaphormania phenomena, compare the developing trends of the cognitive metaphorical perspective and the rhetoric trope perspective, and analyze the multi- and cross-disciplinary trend of the metaphorical study. Section Four is to introduce the conceptual metaphor theory by reviewing the long history of the metaphorical study, detecting the conceptual metaphor theory in detail, and discussing the development and application of the conceptual metaphor theory.Chapter Two, The Orientational Metaphors in the Economic Reports, is composed of three sections. Section One is to study the "up/down"(Shang/Xia) orientational metaphors in the economic reports. We discovered ten mapping types such as: Big number or more quantity is up; Little number or less quantity is down / High administrative rank is up; Low administrative rank is down / Develop is up; Decline is down / Being at a status or environment is up; Leaving a status or environment is down / Priority or important is up; Postponed or unimportant is down / Being at a good position in competition is up; Being at a bad position in competition is down / Strong power is up; Weak power is down / High customer group are up; Low customer group are down / Strong degree is up; Weak degree is down/ Good appraisal or high list is up; Bad appraisal or low list is down. The cognitive grounds of these mapping types are also analyzed. Section Two is to study the "high/low"(Gao/Di) orientational metaphors in the economic reports. We discovered eight mapping types such as: Big number or more quantity is high; Little number or less quantity is low / The administrative rank being up is high; The administrative rank being down is low / Good quality, expensive is high; Bad quality, cheap is low / Strong degree is high; Weak degree is low / Strong power is high; (Weak power is low) / Good appraisal is high; (Bad appraisal is low) / (Complex or Intelligent is high); Simple or unintelligent is low / Important position is high; (Unimportant position is low). The cognitive grounds of these mapping types are also analyzed. Section Three is the brief conclusion of this chapter.Chapter Three, The Ontological Metaphors in the Economic Reports, is composed of four sections. Section One is to analyze the entity and substance metaphors in economic reports through the semantic analysis and cognitive analysis of two metaphorical cases: Fortune is Gold, and Fortune is Water. Section Two is to analyze the container metaphors in economic reports through the semantic analysis and cognitive analysis of two metaphorical cases: "Room" metaphors and "Store" metaphors. Section Three is to analyze the human metaphors (personification) in economic reports through the semantic analysis and cognitive analysis of the metaphors taking related concepts of "body", "hand", "head", "limbs movement", "other body parts", "giving birth" as the source domains in metaphorical mappings. Section Four is the brief conclusion of this chapter.Chapter Four, The Structural Metaphors in Economic Reports, is composed of eleven sections. Based on the statistical data from the corpus, we explored ten mapping types of structural metaphors, the listing of which, from high to low frequency, appears as follows: the War Metaphors, the Traffic Metaphors, the Weather Metaphors, the Drama and Music Metaphors, the Games Metaphors, the Food/Dieting Metaphors, the Education Metaphors, the Physics Metaphors, the Medicine Metaphors, the Marriage and Love Metaphors. The semantic analysis and cognitive analysis of the above-mentioned metaphors are done individually in ten sections. Section Eleven is the brief conclusion of this chapter.Chapter Five, The Conclusion, is composed of two sections. Section One is to conclude the main cognitive disciplines of the conceptual metaphors in economic reports. Section Two is to discuss the insufficiency of this study and prospect on the further studies in the future.更多还原