【作者】 周小虎；

【导师】 周鼎武；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 构造地质学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 煤层自燃是煤炭资源的主要危害之一,它对煤层的破坏作用巨大,导致自燃煤层周围煤炭资源的开采困难和贬值,同时也对生态环境产生了恶劣影响。在全球范围内,许多煤田都存在煤层自燃问题。由于我国西北地区煤田特殊的地理位置以及适宜的气候条件,使中国成为世界上煤田自燃灾害最为严重的国家。我国大面积煤田火灾主要分布在新疆、内蒙古和宁夏等地区,给我国煤炭资源及生态环境造成很大损失和破坏,监测和治理煤火已成为亟待解决的问题。因此本文在充分研究掌握煤田区域地质特征基础上,选择具有代表性的内蒙古古拉本地区进行重点研究,以遥感技术和煤田火区自燃研究的新技术、新方法为指导思想,结合区域地质结构构造特征,应用高光谱遥感图像、TM遥感图像等多种遥感图像,重点研究区域地质构造对煤火的控制作用、高光谱图像的预处理、热红外和烧变岩信息提取等,掌握高光谱遥感在煤田自燃领域的研究方法,达到煤火有效监测的目的。通过对内蒙古古拉本矿区煤田火区进行区域地质和遥感信息的综合研究,所取得的主要进展如下:1.利用高光谱夜航图像进行了火区的准确定位从宏观上准确圈定了火区范围、温度异常区范围、高温异常区范围。2.利用夜航航空高光谱扫描图像进行了地物红外辐射温度反演。研究表明大于70℃的区域可作为高温异常区。图像辐射温度的大小不仅与实际辐射温度高低有关,还与热异常面积有关。3.根据高光谱遥感图像各波段包含的信息量、波段间的相关性及影像中各地物亮度值光谱曲线的差异性来进行最佳波段选择,以达到遥感数据各地物的有效分类,弥补了以往波段选择的不足之处,取得了较好的效果。4.首次从区域构造角度对古拉本地区煤层的分布以及煤田自燃特征进行了分析,认为区域地质对煤田自燃的控制起着决定性的作用。5.对研究区的高光谱遥感数据进行了多种方法的预处理,使图像质量得到很大改善,为后续信息提取研究提供了良好的信息源。6.对研究区广泛发育的烧变岩信息进行了提取研究。7.采用热红外遥感图像对煤火异常信息进行了分析和处理,甄别出了重要的热异常信息。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spontaneous combustion of coal seam is one of the main hazards of coal resources, it hugely destroyed underground coal seams, leading to those resources unable to exploitation and coal resources devaluation which around the spontaneous combustion coal seams, it has produced a bad influence to the ecological environment, causing harmful material in the air far exceeded its normal level. On a global scale, there are many coalfields suffered from spontaneous combustion of coal seam problems. Because of the special geographic position and suitable climatic conditions, making the coalfields in Northwest China become the world’s most serious coalfield disasters affected by spontaneous combustion.China’s large area of coalfield fires mainly distributed in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and other areas, it caused great loss and destruction to China’s coal resources and to the ecological environment, monitoring and controlling coal fires have become issues requiring urgent solution. Therefore,under the the full study and master of the geological features in coalfield region, this paper choosing the representative region of Gulaben in Inner Mongolia to carry out focused research, with remote sensing technology and new technologies of coalfield fire spontaneous combustion, new methods as guiding ideology, in combining with the regional geological structural characteristics, applying hyperspectral remote sensing imagery, TM remote sensing images and other remote sensing imageries, focus on the controlling of regional tectonic to the coal fires, preprocessing of hyperspectral image, thermal infrared and burning rock information extraction, mastering the research methods of hyperspectral remote sensing in the coalfield areas of spontaneous combustion, to achieve the purpose of effective monitoring the coal fires.Through the comprehensive study of regional geological and remote sensing information in Gulaben Coal Mining Area Fire District, Inner Mongolia, the major progress achieved by the following:1. Using hyperspectral night image to precisely positioning the fire area, from the macro scale accurately delineated the fire area, the area of abnormal temperature, high temperature anomaly area.2. Using the night Airborne Hyperspectral scanning image calculating the infrared radiation temperature from the surface features. Research shows that the temperature anomalies of those regions higher than 70℃can be used as high-temperature zone. Image is not only the size of radiation temperature and the actual level of radiation temperature, but also the thermal anomaly area.3. According to the hyperspectral remote sensing image information contained in different bands, the correlation between bands and the brightness spectrum curves heterogeneity of the various parts of ground objects in the image to choosing the best bands, in order to achieve the effective classification of various ground objects on the remote sensing data, cover the deficiencies of band selection, achieving better results.4. Analyzing the coal seam distribution and coalfield spontaneous combustion characteristics of Gulaben area from the perspective of regional geological for the first time, considering the regional geological characters play a decisive role in the controlling of coalfield spontaneous combustion.5. Conducting a variety of preprocessing methods to hyperspectral remote sensing data, making a significant improvement in image quality, providing a good source of information to the follow-up information extraction.6. Carrying out the information extracting to the extensive distribution burned rock in the research area.7. Analyzing and transacting the coal fires anomaly information using thermal infrared remote sensing images, screening out important geothermal anomaly informations.更多还原