【作者】 李永靖；

【导师】 张向东；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 工程力学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 矿山开采诱发的地震(简称“矿震”)是一个严重的灾害性矿山动力现象,研究矿震对建筑结构的影响,减少和控制其损害,对国民经济建设和人民生活安全都有着重大的实际意义。目前,在结构设计方面建筑结构抗震设防都是按照天然地震烈度划分进行的,即保证在一次地震作用下建筑物达到“大震不倒、中震可修、小震不坏”的原则,但对于频繁发生的矿震作用下建筑物的安全问题,目前尚无规范可循。本论文以辽宁抚顺地区矿震为工程背景,根据抚顺市地震局提供的矿震监测资料,对频繁矿震活动规律及其对建筑结构疲劳累积损伤进行了研究,主要完成了以下工作:(1)对矿震的b值时序特征、能量蠕变曲线进行了分析,表明抚顺地区矿震的规模和强度有增大的趋势;对矿震频度—震级分布规律分析得到,抚顺地区矿震频度—震级分布服从古登堡—里克特关系式(G-R分布);通过研究矿震震中烈度的衰减关系,说明抚顺地区矿震烈度适合采用长短轴分别衰减的椭圆模型,并给出了相关系数值;(2)首次运用模糊神经网络对矿震震级进行了初步预测,建立了基于改进的模糊神经网络矿震预测模型。通过与实际监测结果相对比,取得了较好的预测效果,为矿震预测提供了新的方法;(3)采用BAQ—PI—321震动测试仪器配65型拾震器,首次应用动力检测技术开展了矿震对城市建筑结构影响程度实测。以抚顺榆林路4号住宅楼为对象,通过发生频繁矿震前后两次测得的结果,发现建筑结构自振周期增大,层间位移变大,而层间刚度、层间强度、层间应力、层间剪力都变小,表明频繁矿震作用对建筑结构的抗震能力有明显衰减的趋势;(4)对在水平低周反复荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土柱试件试验进行了分析。表明在频繁矿震作用下,钢筋混凝土框架结构柱破坏形态主要分为两种,即弯曲破坏、弯曲剪切破坏;(5)应用建筑工程疲劳累积损伤观点探讨了频繁矿震对建筑结构的疲劳累积损伤过程。从结构构件端部截面的转动刚度退化入手,建立了在频繁矿震作用下构件层次上的损伤模型;给出了频繁矿震作用下钢筋混凝土构件的损伤指标,并对其进行了标准化;运用疲劳累积损伤理论,建立了频繁矿震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构层次上的损伤模型;(6)采用一人工设计循环荷载模拟频繁矿震荷载,首次运用ADINA有限元分析软件对钢筋混凝土框架结构的损伤演化进行了数值模拟研究,得到在循环荷载作用下各构件的损伤演化走势较为相似,即结构及构件的损伤是随着循环荷载的施加而不断增加的,结构的固有频率是随着循环荷载的施加而不断减小的,且通过数值计算可得到结构中梁构件的损伤程度大于柱构件的损伤程度,这为抗震设防提供了参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mineral earthquake is a kind of seismic activities caused by mining. Research on effect of mineral earthquake on building structures to diminish and control the damage is of great importance for national economy and people’s safety. At present, the intensity designed for buildings and structures is divided according to natural earthquake intensity, that is, to ensure the structures can sustain a strong earthquake without collapsing, a moderate earthquake with repairable structural damage, and a minor earthquake without any damage. But for buildings and structures experiencing frequent mineral earthquake, there is no code to follow. Based on Fu Shun mineral earthquake and the motoring data from Fu Shun earthquake bureau, rules of frequent mineral earthquake and its cumulative damage in fatigue are studied in this dissertation. The main works done are as follows:(1) Time series feature of b value in mineral earthquake and its energy creep curve are analyzed. It is found that the scale and intensity of Fu Shun mineral earthquake tends to increase. From analysis of distribution laws of 1st magnitude frequency mineral earthquake, 1st grade frequency mineral earthquake in Fu Shun conforms to the G-R relation. Study on attenuation relations for seismic intensity in mineral earthquake source show that oval-shaped model with long-axis and short-axis attenuating respectively can apply to Fu Shun mineral earthquake intensity. And the relevant coefficients are presented as well.(2) Mineral earthquake predictive model based on improved fuzzy neural network is established. For the first time, the greatest magnitude is predicted using the fuzzy neural network. The results are compared well with those obtained from real monitoring. It paves a new way for predicting mineral earthquake.(3) Using BAQ—PI—321 seismic testing instrument equipped with seismometer, dynamic testing technique is for the first time carried out real test to determine the influence of mineral earthquake on urban buildings. A residential building at Yu Lin Road in Fushun is analyzed. From the results of twice test, it is found that the inherent vibration period and drift displacement of the building increase. While story stiffness , story strength, story stress and story shear all diminish. It demonstrates that seismic resisting capacity of buildings is on the decline under frequent mineral earthquake.(4) Experimental study is done of the column specimen under horizontal low reversed cyclic loading. With various axial compression ratio, the failure process and form, characteristic of resilience, skeleton curve, steel strain, etc. are studied.(5) From viewpoint of engineering damage, the process of damage in fatigue of building structures under frequent mineral earthquake is studied. Started from rotation factor of the structural component’s end intersection, the damage model of the components is constructed under frequent mineral earthquake. The damage index of reinforced concrete components is defined and standardized. Using linear weighted summation, the damage model of reinforced concrete frame is constructed under frequent mineral earthquake.(6) An artificial designed cycle loads is adopted to simulate the mineral earthquake loads. FEA analysis software ADINA is for the first time used to simulate the damage evolution of the reinforced concrete frame, and has the conclusion:the damage evolution curve trend of each Component is similar; the damage of the structure and components is growing as the cyclic load goes on; the Natural frequency of the structure reduced when Imposing cyclic loading; the damage of the beam component is further than that of the column component through numerical analysis and it provides the reference for the Earthquake Prevention.更多还原