【作者】 孙培艳；

【导师】 王修林；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 海洋化学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着环渤海地区的迅速发展,渤海环境质量日益恶化,富营养化和赤潮频发已经成为严重的生态问题。渤海作为环渤海地区经济发展和社会发展的重要支持系统,其生态环境健康占有十分重要的战略地位。系统分析探讨近五十年来渤海富营养化变化特征以及与赤潮的关联性,对深入研究渤海人为影响下的生态环境演变机制,揭示渤海环境质量演变趋势以及防治渤海环境污染,尤其是赤潮的防治具有重要意义。获得的主要结论如下:(1)20世纪60年代初,渤海海水中DIN呈现很低的背景值,PO4-P则呈现较高背景值,自80年代后的15年间,二者的浓度快速增加,DIN和PO4-P分别在1995年和1997年达到峰值,随后二者呈明显的下降趋势。DIN与PO4-P的变化特征与环渤海工农业发展、氮肥的大量使用以及、生活用品(主要是洗涤剂)限磷以及污染物的限排与污染治密切相关。五十年间,SiO3-Si则持续降低,反映了输入渤海淡水量减少。DIN/PO4-P比值逐渐升高,SiO3-Si/DIN比值逐渐下降。(2)渤海表层海水中DIN、PO4-P、COD浓度基本表现出由沿岸水域向中央海盆递减的分布特征,四大河口、重要沿海城市近岸等水域污染物浓度都远高于年均浓度。(3)自20世纪80年代后期,渤海海水整体上处于富营养化状态是赤潮发生频率不断增多的主要原因,高浓度PO4-P尤其是DIN所导致的海水富营养化严重状况是辽东湾、渤海湾湾底等沿岸水域成为渤海赤潮发生重点水域的主要原因,而全年最高的海水温度、沿岸水域足够高的DIN和PO4-P浓度、不断增加且远远大于浮游植物生长“正常”实际需求的营养盐陆源排放等是夏季成为渤海赤潮发生主要季节的最重要原因。2004年夏季渤海驴驹河口水域影响赤潮发生的主要因子是营养盐、水温和盐度。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development in Bohai Sea Area, the environmental quality of Bohai Sea is not so optimistic. Ultrophication and frequent redtide have bcome serious ecological problems. As an important sustaining system, the healthiness of Bohai ecological environment plays an important role for the economy healthy development in Bohai Bay area. So Systematically analysis the variation character of Bohai ultrophication and the relation with redtide has an important significance for making a further research on ecological environmental evolutive mechanism, openning out environment quality variation trend and prevention and cure of environment pollution of Bohai Sea. These conclusions are as follows:(1)At the early stage of 1960’s, DIN concentration in Bohai Sea water has a very low background value, otherwise the concentration of PO4-P has a relative high background. Since 1980’s, the concentration of DIN and PO4-P increased rapidly and reached the peak value in 1995 and 1997, respectively . Then the concentration of DIN and PO4-P showed decreasing trend. This variation trend is closely related to. the development of agriculture and industry around the Bohai Sea, the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer utilization, restricted P in consumer goods (especially for scour), as well as the pollutants control. During fifty years, concentration of SiO3-Si continous decreased, which illustrate the less fresh water entering into the Bohai Sea. DIN/PO4-P increase and SiO3-Si/DIN decrease gradually.(2)The plane distribution of DIN、PO4-P、COD in surface sea water shows a decreasing trend from coastal area to middle area. Especially at the four rivermouth area and the coastal sea area of some important coastal cities, their concentration is higher than annual average value.(3)Since the late stage of 1980’s, ultrophication is the main factor for the increasement of redtide occurrence. High concentration of nutrious salts is the main reason for the frequent redtide at the bottom of Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay. High sea water temperature, enough high DIN and PO4-P concentration in coastal sea area and more and more nutrious salts discharging from land-based sources which is much more for the phytoplankton actural requirement are the most important reasons for the redtide occurring in summer in Bohai Sea. In the Lvjuhe rviermouth sea area, utrious salts, sea water temperature and salinity are the main factors which influence redtide in summer in 2004.更多还原