【作者】 杨闰荣；

【导师】 韩玉昌； 刘颖；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 掌握两种或两种以上的语言称为双语者。在我国,英语的学习日益成为更多人所面临的学习任务。本研究在综述以往有关汉语和拼音文字词汇通达的理论与实证研究的基础上,使用ERP技术对中等熟练程度的汉-英双语者中英文词汇的加工做了深入的对比研究。研究一:字形信息在中英文词汇通达过程中的作用。实验1使用ERP及其LORETA源定位方法测量在中英文词汇通达过程中多个脑区在不同时间进程中的活动强度。实验2使用ERP技术,采用启动范式,考察在延迟命名任务中,字形信息在中英文词汇通达过程中100毫秒-600毫秒时间段内的不同作用。研究二:语音信息在中英文词汇通达过程中的作用。实验3使用ERP技术,采用启动实验范式,考察在延迟命名任务中,中英文词汇语音信息的不同作用。实验4使用ERP技术,采用启动实验范式,考察在语义分类任务中,语音信息在中英文词汇语义通达过程中的不同作用。研究三:汉-英双语者对英文词汇形、音、义加工的时间进程。实验5使用ERP技术,采用启动实验范式,以行为数据和200毫秒到600毫秒的ERP数据为指标,考察在语义分类任务中,与目标词字形相似、音韵相同、语义相关的启动词对目标词加工启动效应。研究四:汉-英双语者两种语言语义通达机制。实验6使用ERP技术,采用语言内启动和跨语言启动范式,考察中等熟练程度的汉-英双语者在语义分类任务中,语言内启动与语言间启动效应是否相同,以及从母语到第二语言方向和从第二语言到母语方向的启动效应是否相同。在对上述四项研究结果的分析与讨论的基础上,本研究综合讨论了字形、语音信息在中英文词汇通达中的不同作用,双语者第二语言词汇通达的形、音、义时间进程,以及双语者两种语言的语义通达机制,得出以下主要结论:一、汉英两种语言的词汇通达的时间进程及大脑激活部位均不同,英文词汇比汉字的加工速度慢,且在整个加工过程中有更多的右半球的激活。字形信息在汉语语音任务中没有明显的启动效应,在英语语音任务中,字形信息有明显的启动效应。二、在语音任务中,语音信息在中文词汇加工中有明显的启动效应,在英文词汇加工中启动效应不明显。在语义任务中,汉字的语音信息启动效应不显著,英文的语音信息有明显的干扰效应。三、此熟练水平的汉英双语者对第二语言的加工既受母语经验的制约,又受第二语言本身特点的影响。表现在对第二语言的语义分类任务中,字形信息有临界水平的启动效应,语音信息有显著的干扰效应。四、此熟练水平的汉英双语者第二语言的概念层表征和词汇层表征是分离的,第二语言的概念信息的通达需要以中文对译词的词汇层表征为中介。母语及第二语言的语言内重复效应显著,语言间的重复启动效应随语言方向的不同而不同,从第二语言到母语方向的重复启动效应大于从母语到第二语言的重复启动效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bilingual is who masters two or more than two languages. In our country, studying English becomes increasingly a learning task for more and more people have to be faced. Based on the comprehensively theoretical and objective studies about lexical access of Chinese and alphabetic writing system, the present research is to compare the processes of lexical access for Chinese and English words for medium skill level Chinese-English bilinguals by using ERP technique.Study 1: The role of the graphic information in the process of lexical access for Chinese and English. In experiment 1, the purpose was to investigate the intensity of brain areas’activities in different time course of 100-600ms when processing these two languages by using ERP and its source (LORETA). In experiment 2, the major aim was to compare the graphic role in processing Chinese and English words of medium skill level Chinese-English bilinguals. In this experiment, a delayed naming task was employed, while ERP were recorded by 128-channel system.Study 2: The role of the phonological information in processing Chinese and English words. In experiment 3, a priming paradigm was employed, while ERP were recorded by a 128-channel system. The major aim was to compare the phonological role in the delayed naming task. In experiment 4, it was to investigate the phonological role in semantic categorization task by using the same paradigm and technique.Study 3: The time course of graphic, phonological, and semantic information in English words processing of Chinese-English bilinguals. In experiment 5, a semantic categorization task was employed, while ERPs were recorded by a 128-channel system and behavioral data were also collected. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the priming effect of graphic, phonological, and semantic role.Study 4: The semantic access mechanism of two languages of the medium skill level Chinese-English bilinguals. In experiment 6, a within-language and between-language repetition prime paradigm was used to investigate whether the prime effects of within-language and between-language were same, and to compare whether the between-language repetitions were different for different language order: priming effects from native language to the second language and from the second language to native language.Based on the above studies’results analysis and discussions, the present research generally discussed the different roles of graphic and phonological information during the process of Chinese and English words, the time course of graphic, phonological, and semantic information in the second language process for the medium skill level Chinese-English bilingual, and the semantic accessing mechanism of the two languages for this level bilingual. The main conclusions were drawn as follow: First, the time course and the activities of the brain areas were different for Chinese and English words, the speed of processing English words were slower than Chinese words. There were more right hemisphere brain activities for English words than Chinese words. In Chinese delay naming task, there wasn’t priming effects of graphic information, whereas in English delay naming task, the priming effects of graphic was significant.Second, in Chinese delay naming task, the prime effect of phonologic was significant, whereas in English delay naming task, there wasn’t priming effects. In Chinese semantic categorization task, there weren’t phonologic priming effects, whereas in English semantic categorization task, the inhibiting effects of phonologic were significant.Third, the bilinguals of medium skill level were affected not only by the experiences of their native language, but also by the specialty of the second language when processed the second language. The result was that, in English semantic categorization task, the priming effects of graphic were critical significant, and the phonologic inhibiting effects were very significant. Forth, the conceptual representation and lexical representation of the second language were separate for the bilinguals of medium skill level, the lexical access of the second language was mediated by the lexical representation of the native equivalent. There were significant within-language repetition not only in native language but also in second language, the between-language repetitions were different for different language order: the priming effects from the second language to the native language were larger than from the native the second.更多还原