【作者】 郑继永；

【导师】 石源华；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 国际政治， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 韩国政党变迁的繁复与西方国家有着极大的不同，不断摆动的政党体系是其重要特征，如何看待并描述其过程与模式是韩国学研究的重要课题。本文拟用外部环境、内部因素与制度因素三个层面的体系分析方法来观察政党体系的变动，并论证其变迁模式。从韩国政党体系的历史轨迹看，共经历了形成时期、威权时期、军人统治时期和民主转型时期等4个时期，政党体系的变动模式在不同阶段表现出迥异的特征。形成时期的国际环境影响、威权时期的政治权威、军人统治时期的无奈与抗争、民主转型时期的混乱与延续，都留下了深深的烙印。从外因来看，国际体系、特别是南北关系，即“北风”因素对于韩国“保守一边倒”政党体系的形成发挥了主要作用，确定了政党体系的发展方向。而从社会与经济因素来看，地区主义与阶层分化使韩国保守势力占优势的政党体系不会在近期内发生大的变化，社会因素的分化和演化使地区主义扩大的趋势延续，韩国政党体系将会继续“保守一边倒”的动态变化总趋势。从内因来看，内部单位是推动政党体系变迁的重要行为体。法律基础和法律地位，以及政党组织结构特点都决定了韩国政党的“个人化”特点和派系的繁盛。韩国的精英和派系客观上促进了政党的聚散分合，推动了政党体系的变化与发展。在行为方式上，韩国精英政治人多以“权力依附”、“魅力依附”的方式，派系多依靠“弱合强独”、“弱联强分”的方式推动政党体系的变化。从制度层面看，韩国政治规则的形成、变动和稳定是影响政党体系的重要因素，不断更改的制度也推动了政党体系的变革。而总统选举和国会议员选举等制度的变迁则体现着政党体系变迁的体现和时机，发挥着间接的，而不是决定性的影响。选举为政党体系提供了变化的基本框架，限制了变化的幅度和时间，是观察政党变动的重要因素和观察依据。综合来看，韩国政党体系的变动是外部环境与内部单位之间存在着结构性关联的政治现象；政党体系变迁的动力源泉是外部环境，而推动变化的行为主体是政治人与派系。可以预见，随着未来环境因素和主要行为主体将趋于稳定，不断往复于多党与两党体系间的“钟摆”将停滞下来，政党体系趋于稳定化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The complexity in the evolution of the parties and the party system of ROK is vastly different from that in western countries. The alternating the party system is one of the most important characterizes. How to describe its process and mode is a vital subject of Korean studies. This paper is intended to use external factors, internal units and institutional factors to analyze the alteration in the party system and comb out its evolutionary mode.From the perspective of the historical track of the party system of ROK, it has underwent the following phases: formation, authoritarian period, military rule and democratic transition. The evolutionary mode has manifested different traits in different phases. The influence of international environment in the formation period, political authority in the authoritarian period, the resignation and fight in the military rule period, and the turbulence and continuation in the democratic transition period have all left their marks in history.From the perspective of external factors, the international system, especially the South-North relations, (i.e. the northern wind factor) has played a key role in the formation of the party system of ROK which is characterized as leaning to the conservative side and helped fix its future direction. From the perspective of scio-economic factors, regionalism and class differentiation have ensured a stable state in the conservative the party system. The differentiation and evolution of social factors will lead to a continuation of enlarging regionalism. The party system of ROK will continue to lean to the conservative side and maintain the trend of dynamic change.From the perspective of internal factors, internal units are the important actors promoting the evolution of the party system of ROK. The legal base and status and the organizational structure characteristics have determined the personification of parities of ROK and the blooming factions. Objectively speaking, elites and factions have promoted the integration and disintegration of parties and the evolution and development of the party system. In behavioral mode, elite politics is characterized as power and charismatic dependence while faction politics characterized as integration of the weak and independence of the strong, or the alignment between the weak and the division among the strong. These have contributed to the alteration in the party system of ROK.From the perspective of institutional factors, the formation, change and stability of political rules are the factors influencing the party system. The ever-changing rules have also led to transformation of the party system. The evolution of presidential elections and congressional elections are the manifestations of the evolutionary party system. They have exerted an indirect not decisive influence. Elections have provided a basic framework for the change, limited the scope and time of change, which are also the important factors and basis for observing the alternating parties.On the whole, the evolution of the party system of ROK are a structure-related political phenomenon between the external environment and internal factors. Its motivation force results from the external environment. The actors promoting its change are political man and factions. It can be foreseen that the environmental factors and main actors will stabilize. The pendulum oscillating between the multi-party and two-party system will come to a stop. The party system of ROK will become stabilized.更多还原