【作者】 杨文慧；

【导师】 严忠民； 吴建华；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水力学及河流动力学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 河流健康是人类赖以生存和发展的必要条件，对河流健康的研究则是关系到人类社会有序、健康、可持续发展的重要课题之一。本文基于河流系统概念，从河流健康研究的理论构架和诊断体系两方面对河流健康问题进行了研究。本文的主要工作及成果总结如下：(1)建立了河流健康研究的理论构架。通过对现有河流健康定义的比较分析，提出以河流系统作为河流健康的研究对象，并给定了一个新的河流健康定义，分析了河流健康的内涵及其特征，在新定义基础上，提出了河流健康研究的时空尺度，从河流健康的影响因素的分类方法着手，设计了河流健康的诊断体系框架，并归纳了河流健康研究的内容及其方法。(2)建立了河流健康的综合评价指标体系。选取河段作为指标体系建立的空间尺度，提出了河段划分需遵循的原则，设计了由目标层、准则层、指标层和变量层四个层次构成的指标体系框架，从河流系统的内源性因素着手，建立了包含28个指标的河流健康综合评价指标体系，在评价内容上，同时考虑了河流结构的健康、生态环境功能的健康和社会服务功能的健康，概括总结了指标数据资料的收集方法。(3)建立了河流健康的综合评价模型。在对常用的多指标综合评价方法和赋权方法分析的基础上，结合河流健康综合评价的特点，确定了以层次分析法和灰关联分析法建立河流健康的综合评价模型，对灰关联分析法加以改进，提出了一种新的关联系数表达式，并分析了其合理性。提出了本文中河流健康综合评价指标健康阈值的建议值。(4)建立了河流健康的主因分析模型。在对河流健康的外源性因素及内源性因素和外源性因素关系分析的基础上，建立了主因分析指标体系，并确定了主因分析模型需要建立的函数关系，通过引入偏最小二乘回归法建立了主因分析模型，设计了用于表示主因分析结果的表格。给出了主因分析模型的简化分析方法，可用于确定河流的内源性因素在其集水区域的主要影响因素。(5)河流健康诊断体系的应用研究。以汾河中游段(兰村—义棠)为例，对本文提出的河流健康诊断体系进行了应用研究，通过综合评价模型，分析了研究河段的河流健康状态，通过主因分析模型，判断了影响河流健康的主要因素，最后提出了河流管理的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 River health is an essential condition to support life existing and developing. Research on river health is a key project that closely relates to orderliness, health and sustainable development of human society. The theoretical framework and diagnosis system of river health have been studied in the paper based on the concept of river system. The main works and conclusions are as following:(1) The theoretical framework to river health research was established. That river system should be looked as study objective of river health was proposed based on the analysis of the existing concepts of river health, and a new definition of river health on river system was introduced. Its connotation and characteristics were analyzed. The temporal and spatial scales of river health research were put forward. The diagnosis system framework to river health was established which based on the category of influence factors, and research contents and methods were summarized.(2) The comprehensive assessment indicator system to river health was established. Its spatial scale was river segment and the principles used to river division were proposed. The indicator system was established which includes four levels, i.e. aim level, standard level, index level and variable level. Twenty-eight indices were chosen on the base of endogenous factors of river health. The assessment contents included river construction, ecological and environmental function and social service function. The methods used to collect index data were sum up.(3) The comprehensive assessment model to river health was established. Analytic Hierarchy Process and grey relation analysis method were used to establish the model on the base of analyzing the common multiple criteria comprehensive assessment method and weighting method, in which grey relation analysis method was improved, a new expression of grey relation coefficient was presented and its rationality was analyzed. The health threshold values of the indicator were proposed.(4) The model on main influence factor analysis to river health was established. The indicator system used to main influence factor analysis was established and the function relations of the model were determined based on the analysis of exogenous factors and the relation between endogenous factors and exogenous factors. Partial least-squares regression was used to establish the model. A table was designed to express the result of main influence factor analysis. A simplified method of the model was deduced which could be used to determine main influence factors in a catchment corresponding to assessing river section.(5) The application research of the diagnosis system on river health carried out. The system was applied to diagnose the river health condition and main influence factors of the Lancun-Yitang reach in the middle Fenhe River which include comprehensive assessment model and main influence factors analysis model. The control measures were proposed.更多还原