【作者】 崔军平；

【导师】 任战利；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 松辽盆地为断坳双重结构的大型叠合盆地，具有多期构造运动、多期成藏的特征，构造演化对油气成藏具有重要的控制作用。哈尔滨—绥化地区位于松辽盆地的东部，是松辽盆地构造抬升剥蚀、改造最为强烈的地区。深入研究构造演化特征与油气成藏条件的关系具有重要理论和实际意义。本论文在露头、地球物理资料解释、钻井资料及其它地质资料综合分析的基础上，以整体、动态、综合分析为原则，以盆地分析、大地构造基本理论和含油气系统理论为指导，运用镜质体反射率法、声波时差法、地层厚度趋势法、构造演化剖面法等多种分析方法结合，以构造特征与演化研究为主线，系统研究了哈尔滨—绥化地区的构造特征与演化，进一步明确了构造演化对油气成藏条件的控制作用，总结断陷盆地油气成藏模式、主控因素及成藏规律，预测了有利的勘探区带，对该区的下一步油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。根据露头、钻井、地震和重磁等资料研究表明，松辽盆地基底岩性主要由片麻岩、千枚岩、片岩、板岩及花岗岩组成，受北东向和北西向断裂控制及近东西向断裂的分割作用控制，具有东西成带、南北分块的特点。松辽盆地断陷层总体具有东西分带、南北分块、东西错开的特点。断陷走向总体上为北北东向、北东向和近南北向。控陷断裂主要为北北东向和北西向。断陷层自西向东可划分为西部断陷区、西部断隆区、中部断陷区、中部断隆区和东部断陷区5个构造单元。在运用区域标志层、岩性、电性、古生物和火成岩年龄等对哈尔滨—绥化地区宾县断陷第一口参数井宾参1井进行详细地层划分的基础上对本区进行了地层对比，研究表明本区沉积盖层自下而上发育中生界白垩系火石岭组、沙河子组、营城组、登娄库组、泉头组、青山口组及嫩江组，新生界第三系和第四系。综合古生物、地震剖面、岩性特征、岩心观察、薄片、粒度及微量元素等资料研究表明，沉积相类型主要有冲积扇、三角洲、湖泊、泛滥平原及火山岩相。沉积相分布及演化受本区构造演化控制。火石岭—营城组沉积时期为断陷阶段，沉积相带分布及沉积范围受控陷断层控制明显，主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、湖泊及火山岩相。登娄库组早期属于断坳转化阶段，沉积相带分布仍受断裂控制。从登二段—嫩江组开始了坳陷整体沉积阶段，沉积范围逐渐扩大，沉积中心逐渐向盆地中心迁移，沉积类型由河流相逐渐演变为深湖相，湖相沉积范围达到最大。嫩江组沉积以后，研究区遭受挤压开始抬升，遭受强烈剥蚀，结束了湖盆沉积发育阶段。根据重磁及地震资料对研究区断裂进行了系统的研究，本区基底断裂主体构造为近东西向和北西向，近东西向和北西向断裂对本区构造的生成、演化起主要控制作用。断陷主要为单断式结构，主要呈北西向展布，北西向断裂控制着断陷的形成和发育。盖层断层展布方向受基底断裂的控制。由深层到浅层，断层的走向以北西向、北北东向为主逐渐转变为以北北西和北西向为主。断层构造样式主要为Y型、阶梯状、羽状。断陷层总体具有断陷与隆起相间成带状分布的特点，从北向南分为绥棱断隆带、绥化—铁力断陷带、巴彦断隆带、庙台子—宾县断陷带和阿城—五常断隆带5个二级构造单元。坳陷层具有四凹两隆一斜坡的构造格局，自北而南分为绥棱背斜带、绥化凹陷、庆安隆起带、东兴凹陷、宾县凹陷、青山口隆起带和榆树凹陷7个二级构造单元。宾县断陷处于北西向构造转换带上，受北西向基底断裂的控制，断裂构造主体呈北西向展布，北西向宾安镇断裂为宾县断陷的主控断裂，控制着宾县断陷的形成和发育。宾县断陷整体上具有两洼一隆两斜坡的构造特征。运用镜质体反射率Ro法、声波时差法结合地震剖面恢复了研究区剥蚀厚度。剥蚀厚度具有东强西弱，南强北弱的特点。构造演化史研究表明，本区主要经历了火石岭组—营城组断陷发育阶段、登娄库组断坳转化阶段、泉头组—嫩江组坳陷阶段、嫩江组—明水组挤压反转阶段四个大的演化阶段。构造演化对油气成藏各要素起着重要的控制作用。构造演化控制着烃源岩的发育、储盖组合及生储盖配置关系、圈闭的形成、分布及类型、保存条件。研究区断陷比较发育，断陷深洼处烃源岩很发育，断陷的规模控制着资源量的大小。在构造特征及演化分析的基础上，对各断陷进行了比较评价，根据含油气系统的思路在对烃源岩、储集层、盖层、圈闭、油气运移等含油气系统各要素进行综合分析的基础上，重点对宾县断陷进行了评价及有利区预测。更多还原

【Abstract】 The songliao basin is a large superposed petroliferous basin with rift-depression dual structure.lt has multiple stage-times structural movements and multiple stage-times hydrocarbon formation. Structural evolutions control hydrocarbon formation importantly. The Haerbin-Suihua area is located in eastern Songliao basin, suffered uplifting and denuding intensely. The research on the relationship between structural evolution and hydrocarbon formation conditions has important significance in theory and practice .Based on outcrop, geophysical data interpretation, well drilling and geologic data else, by using integral, dynamical, synthetical rule and using basin analysis, tectonic theory, and petroleum system guide, the paper analyzed structural feature and evolution in Haerbin-Suihua aera systematically, structural evolutions have an important control on hydrocarbon formation conditions, sums up oil-gas forming modes of rifted basin, control factors and formation regularity, Predicts favorable exploration zones which have important guide on next exploration of this area.Research shows that the basement of Songliao basin is made up by gneiss, phyllite, schist, slates and granite mainly. It has the feature with divided zones between east and west and fault blocks between south and north cortolled by north-east, north-west and east-west faults. The layer formed in rifted basin stage of Songliao basin have the feature with divided zones between east and west and fault blocks between south and north totality. The rifts are north-north-east, north-east and near to south-north totality. The faults controlled rifts is main north-north-east and north-west orientation. The layer formed in rifted basin stage is divided five structural units: western rifted area, western uprifted area, middle rifted area, middle uprifted area and eastern rifted area.The research on stratigraphic correlation based on making stratigraphic Division with an important parameter well Bincan 1 in Haerbin-Suihua area by using regional label bed, lithologic character, electrical characteristics, palaeobiology and igneous rock ages shows that sedimentary Covers in this area have Mesozoic Erathem Cretaceous system Huoshiling formation, shahezi formation, yicheng formation, denglouku formation, quantou formation, qingshankou formation, nenjiang formation, Cenozoic Erathem Tertiary and Quaternary.Research based on palaeobiology, seismic profile, electrical characteristics, drilling core observation, granularity and trace element data showed that the sedimentary facies type mainly has the alluvial fan, the delta, thelake, the floodplain and volcanic face. Sedimentary facies distribution and evolution are controlled by structure evolution. The period of rifted basin is from Huoshiling formation to Yingcheng formation sedimentary, the sedimentary facies belt distribution and the deposition scope are controlled by the large fault obviously, mainly grows the alluvial fan, the fan delta, the lake and volcanic face. The early time of Denglouku formation sedimentary belongs the transformed stage from rifted basin to depression basin, the sedimentary facies belt distribution still are controlled by large faults. The depression basin stage is from two section of Denglouku formation to Nenjiang formation deposition period, the deposition scope gradually expanded, the depocenter gradually migrated to the basin center, the deposition type is evolved gradually from the river to the deep lake, the deposition scope of the lake face achieved in a big way. After Nenjiang formation deposited, the research area suffers the extrusion to uplift, ans denuded intensely, the developmental stage of lake deposition is over.Research about the fault feature by using heavy magnetism and seismic data shows that the main body structure of based faults is near to east-west and north-west orientation. The faults near to east-west and north-west orientatidn controls the structural formation and evolution of this. area. The rifted basin is mainly single break structure, its orientation is north to west, the north-west faults control the formation and evolution of rifted basin. The orienration of cap rock faults is controlled by based faults .From deep to shallow layer, the fault trend gradually transforms from north-north-east and north-west primarily to north-north-west and north-west primarily. The fault structure style mainly is Y shape, ladders shape and feather type.The strata formed in rifted period have alternating characteristics between rift and uplift. It is divided five structural units: Suileng uplifted belt, Suihua-tieli rifted belt, Bayan uplifted belt, Miaotaizi-binxian rifted belt、Acheng-wuchang uplifted belt from north to south. The strata formed in depression period have structural framework with four depression, two uplift and one slope. It is divided seven structural units: Suileng anticline belt, Suihua depression, Qingan uplifted belt, Dongxing depression, Binxian depression, Qingshankou uplifted belt and Yushu depression from north to south. Binxian rift lies in the north-west structural inversion belt, its fault body structure displays north-west controlled by large north-west fault. North-west Binanzhen fault controls mainly the formation and growth of Binxian rift. Binxian rift in the whole has two hollow, one uplift and two slopes structure characteristics.Research on the denuded thickness by using vitrinite reflectance, interval transit time and seismic profile data shows that denuded thickness is East strong and west weak, south strong and north weak. The research on structure evolution indicated that this area experienced rifted period from Huoshiling formation to Yingcheng formation sedimentary, stage from rifted basin to depression basin amount to time of Denglouku formation sedimentary, depression stage amount to time from Quantou formation to Qingshankou formation sedimentary and extrding inversion from Nenjiang formation to Mingshui formation sedimentary.Structure evolution has an important control on each conditions of hydrocarbon formation. Structure evolution controls the hydrocarbon source rock growth, and the association between the reservoir and the cap rock, the trap formation and distribution and the type and the preserved conditions. This area has many rifts, the hydrocarbon source rocks is vegetation and the scale of rift controls the resources quantity sizes.On the basis of the structure character and evolution, it makes each rift to Compare with appraisal. Making an evaluation on Binxian rift and precdit advantageous area belt according to petroleum system theory on basis of analyzing hydrocarbon source rock, the reservoir, the cap rock, the trap, the oil gas migration and so an.更多还原