大学社会资本研究

【作者】 胡钦晓；

【导师】 胡建华；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 高等教育学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪80年代以降，中国高等教育管理体制发生了重大改变，高校依赖国家统包、统管的时代已成过去。近年来，与高等教育规模增扩的速度相比，国家对高等教育的投入严重滞后。经费问题已经成为当前制约我国高等教育发展的一个重要“瓶颈”。事实上，政府对大学发展投入紧缩的现象，已经波及整个世界。因此，研究大学如何最大限度获取运营资本具有非常重要的意义。资本的形式和内容多种多样。同样，大学作为一个组织部门，所拥有的资本形式也是多种多样的。除大学物质资本、大学人力资本外，大学社会资本对于大学发展起着同样重要的作用。因此，研究大学社会资本，充分挖掘大学的无形资源，具有很强的现实意义和理论意义。1980年，法国学者皮埃尔·布迪厄首先正式提出社会资本概念后，旋即为众多研究领域的学者所关注。相对于社会学、经济学、政治学、文化学等领域，社会资本在教育学领域的研究成果较少，对社会资本的概念界定更是众说纷纭，莫衷一是。基于此，在前人研究的基础上，结合“社会”一词的辞源学考察，提出社会资本概念，并分析大学社会资本的内涵、构成及特点是非常重要的。从大学社会资本的网络关系视角与非正式制度视角出发，考察中西方大学社会资本的演进历程，不难看出，大学社会资本的多寡随大学发展起伏的变化规律。事实上，大学社会资本对于人才培养、发展科学、服务社会、外部融资、内部和谐等，都有着不可替代的作用。当然，作为资本的一种形式，与物质资本和人力资本一样，社会资本也具有负面效应。但是，这并不影响大学社会资本的资本性质。大学社会资本的积累是一个复杂的过程，它需要大学自治、正式制度、学术自由、学术责任、大学校长和社团组织等诸多因素的共同参与。在我国当下高等教育改革与发展的实践之中，积累与运营大学社会资本不但是必要的，而且是可行的。大学在发展中要加强外部关系链合，促进内部关系整合，在制度构建中实现正式制度和非正式制度的均衡发展，从而实现大学社会资本的不断积累与良性运营。更多还原

【Abstract】 The administration institution of Chinese higher education has changed significantly since 1980s. Nowadays colleges and universities don’t completely rely on the government any more. Comparing with the fast enlargement of the scale of higher education Chinese government’s investment into its higher education lags behind. Currently the lack of funds is the major bottleneck for the development of Chinese higher education. As a matter of fact, the phenomenon that the government reduces its investment into higher education has spread in the world. Consequently it is of great importance for each university to study how to obtain the maximum operating capital. There are various kinds of capital; similarly, as an institution a university may make use of sorts of capital. Besides material capital and manpower capital social capital plays an important role in the development of a university. Therefore it has strong practical and theoretical sense to study and explore the invisible resource, the social capital of a university. In 1980 a French scholar, Pierre Bourdieu, first referred to the concept ’social capital’ which has attracted the attention of many scholars in different fields. We have got fewer achievements in the research of social capital in the field of education than in the field of sociology, economics, politics, culture, etc., and opinions on its definition vary. AH things considered, it is necessary to put forward the concept ’social capital’ based on the previous study and a review of the word ’society’ in etymology and to analyze the connotation, structure and feature of a university’s social capital. When we explore the progress of a university’s social capital abroad and at home from the angle of its relative network and the angle of informal institution, it is easy to understand that the amount of a university’s social capital changes along with the development of the university. Actually, a university’s social capital is indispensable in fostering talents, advancing science, serving society, financing socially and promoting harmony at unvierstiy. On the other hand we admit that as one form of capital social capital also bears some negative impacts just like material capital and human capital. However, it doesn’t change the capital nature of a university’s social capital. The accumulation of university’s social capital is a complex process, which needs the joint participation of many factors such as university autonomy, formal institution, academic freedom, academic responsibility, president of university and mass organizations. It is necessary and feasible to accumulate and operate university’s social capital in the current practice of reformation and development of higher education in China. Our universities need strengthen their linkage with the factors outside and promote the integration inside and achieve the balanced development between the formal and informal institution in the construction of institution so that they can accumulate their social capital continuously and operate it well.更多还原