中国共产党利益代表机制研究

【作者】 廖艺萍；

【导师】 卢先福；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 党的学说与党的建设， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 利益代表是政党的基本功能,利益代表必须借助一定的机制来实现。中国共产党代表中国人民的根本利益,科学的利益代表机制是中国共产党发挥其代表性的根本保证。基于该问题的重要意义,本文以马克思主义理论尤其是马克思主义政治学和党建学说的基本原理为指导,以利益实现过程为主轴,按照理论分析、历史考察、中西比较、现实挑战、完善途径的逻辑顺序,系统考察、分析、评价了中国共产党在不同时期利益代表机制运行方式及其面临的现实挑战,探讨了新形势下构建科学利益代表机制的思路与途径。全文由导论和正文五章构成。导论部分主要说明选题的依据及意义、概述选题的研究现状、研究的重点及基本思路、研究方法以及研究的创新之处。第一章,政党利益代表机制的理论分析。本章以代议制的产生及以政党及政党的代表功能为切入点阐明执政党利益代表机制确立的基本条件,然后对本文所涉及的核心概念:利益代表、机制、利益代表机制进行界定和说明。接下来以政治过程为视角分析利益代表机制的各个要素及其运行的过程,并指出系统中各个要素相互之间的关系。因为政治过程是一系列政治行为构成的,而政治行为的根本动因就是利益需求。从政治学的视角解读,执政党的政治过程就是实现其利益代表的过程。第二章,中国共产党利益代表机制的形成及其特点。本章以中国共产党利益代表的必要性与必然性为基点,考察中国共产党在革命时期实现利益代表的方式与特点,肯定该时期党的利益代表机制的绩效,并由此获得民众的支持,最终取得国家政权,实现从革命党向执政党的转变。接着以政治过程,即利益表达到利益综合,再到利益实现(政策制定、实施和反馈)的完整过程为主轴,分析作为执政党的中国共产党的利益代表机制的结构和运行过程中各要素承担的主要功能。最后对该机制进行评析,阐释其时代性和合理性,同时也道出其潜藏的问题。第三章,西方执政党利益代表机制的特点与借鉴。主要是以西方执政党(英美两国为例)为分析对象,既批判其局限性,也总结出其有效做法。第四章,社会转型与中国共产党利益代表机制的时代课题。主要是分析改革开放和社会主义市场经济条件下,原来的同质性特征被瓦解后,中国社会呈现出利益多元化格局。分析利益结构变化对中国共产党利益代表机制的种种挑战,探索和总结中国共产党在新的历史条件下利益代表机制建设的时代课题。第五章,构建科学的执政党利益代表机制的若干思考。本章是论文的重点也是落脚点,通过对政党利益代表过程的考察,通过历史与现实的比照,通过与西方执政党的比较,提出中国共产党构建科学的利益代表机制必须解决的关键问题:首先,构建合理的利益表达机制;其次,完善决策机制,保证民主决策与科学决策的统一;第三,构建政策实施的保障机制;第四,政策的纠错和补偿机制,防止利益代表的长期错位;第五,利益代表过程中的公民参与问题研究,解决代表性危机;第六,完善授权机制、建立有效的权力运行机制、完善监督制约机制,保障利益代表机制的良性运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Interest representation is one of the basic functions of a party. Its realization must rely on a certain mechanism. The CPC represents the essential interest of the Chinese people with its scientific interest representation mechanisms as its solid foundation. Due to the significance of this topic, this article is written under the guidance of the Marxist theory, especially the fundamental principles of the Marxist political science and the Party Building theory of the CPC and focuses on the process of interest realization. The contents are arranged logically in the order of theory analysis, historical survey, Chinese-Western comparison and contrast, actual challenges and perfection approaches, to survey, analyze and evaluate the operation of the CPC’s interest representation mechanisms during different periods and the actual challenges they faced in a systematic way, in an attempt to explore new insights and approaches to form a scientific interest representation mechanism in accordance with the new circumstances in China.The whole article consists of an introduction and a five-chapter body. The introduction mainly attempts to justify the base and significance of the chosen topic, provide an overview of the current study in the field, and explain the focus and outline of the research as well as the author’s innovations in regard to research methods and content.Chapter one is the Theoretical Analysis of the Interest Representation Mechanism. The author traces back the origins of the representative system and uses parties and the representative function of parties as a starting point to illustrate the basic conditions for the establishment of a interest representation mechanism; next the author defines and explains some key concepts in the book, i.e.,“interest representation”,“mechanism”, and“interest representation mechanism”. Lastly, the author analyzes the elements of a mechanism and the process of its operation in terms of a political process, and points out the inter-relationship of all the elements within a mechanism. Since political process consists of a series of political events which are motivated by different interests. Seen from the angle of politics, the political process of a ruling party is the process of realizing its representative interest.Chapter two is The Shaping of the CPC Interest Representation Mechanisms and Their characteristics. This chapter centers on the necessity and inevitability of the CPC’s interest representation, and deals with the ways and features of the CPC’s realization of its interest representation during the period of revolution. The mechanism of that time proved to be quite effective. It won the support of the people and ultimately led to the CPC’s rise to the position of party in power from a minor revolutionary party. The author then discusses the political process, i.e., the whole process from interest expression, to interest integration, and to interest realization( including policy making, implement and feedback), to analyze the structure of the CPC’s interest representation mechanism at the time when CPC became the ruling party and the main functions of its various elements in the process of its operation. Lastly, the author evaluates the mechanism of this period, and points out its appropriateness under the circumstances of its time as well as its potential defects.Chapter three is Features of the Western Party Interest representation Mechanisms and Their lessons. This chapter is a critical summary of the major practices and features of interest representation mechanisms of different political systems. Taking western parties as examples, British and American parties in particular, the author attacks the limitations of their mechanisms and sums up the lessons which our party can learn to perfect our own mechanism. Chapter four is Social Transformation and the New Challenges to CPC’s Interest Representation Mechanism”. This part discusses the emerging trend of pluralistic interest as a result of China’s opening up and its economical reform which disintegrated the original homogeneity. The author analyses the new challenges to CPC’s interest representation mechanism caused by social transformation, in an attempt to explore and summarize the project of the age, i.e., to improve the CPC’s interest representation mechanism in accordance with the new historical conditions in China.Chapter five is Some Reflections on Constructing a Scientific Interest Representation Mechanism. This chapter is the starting point as well as lodging point of this article. Through studying of the process of interest representation, contrasting the history and the reality and comparing our party with other parties in power, the author proposes some key issues which must be resolved so as to construct a scientific interest representation mechanism: first, to form a reasonable interest expression mechanism; second, to perfect the decision-making mechanism for the integration of a democratic decision-making and a scientific one; thirdly, to form an insurance mechanism for the implementation of policies; fourthly, to form a policy correction and compensation mechanism so as to avoid long-term dislocation in interest representation; last but not least, to draw citizens’participation in the process of interest representation so as to solve the representative crisis; lastly, to improve authorization mechanism, establish an effective power operation mechanism, improve supervision control mechanism so as to ensure the positive operation of the interest representation mechanism.更多还原