【作者】 凌硕为；

【导师】 陈平原； 陈大康；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2007， 博士

【副题名】以早期申报馆报人圈为中心

【摘要】 19世纪近代报业开始在中国建立，中国报人也应运而生，他们的出现对中国近代的思想、文化产生了极大的影响，传统的小说观念也在此影响下逐渐向现代转变。英人美查创办的申报馆是晚清中国首屈一指的媒体，其经营范围从报纸渐渐拓展到书籍、期刊和画报，为小说提供了多种形态的载体。西方的新闻观念对报人的影响尤为突出。由于中国原先没有现代意义上的新闻，早期的报人在理解西方新闻观念的时候即以中国传统的小说观念为主要参照，早期中文报纸的新闻中夹杂着大量小说和类小说，就是这种过渡观念的反映。这一接受过程也使西方叙事观念中的一些因素渗入中国的小说观念中，西方常用的一些叙事方式和技巧也逐渐被报人所掌握，并运用于小说和类小说的写作。笑话、轶闻、答问等传统叙事文体由于常常刊登于报刊，开始具备许多新的特征，新小说在吸收这些传统文体的时候也受到了它们所附带的报刊因素的影响。新闻工作也对报人的小说创作有所影响，传统小说家所习惯的题材、视角、结构、风格在报人的创作中已开始改变，报人的现实感和报章的叙事形态深刻地改变着小说的传统。近代媒体改变着传统文人的交往方式，媒体的效应使报人成为中心人物，相近的身份、处境、观念和趣味使报人之间产生强烈的认同感，从而形成新型的交际圈，他们广泛的社会关系和媒体的便利使更多的文人加入其中，构成庞大的文人群体。报人圈的形成使报人的小说观念、兴趣和趣味能够获得迅速获得广泛的响应。报人们品花兴趣的日益增长促进了狭邪题材小说的繁盛，而对志怪兴趣的衰退则加速了它的消亡。传媒技术打破了传统文人交往的地域限制，沪港两地的报人圈有着频繁的交往，《申报》对《香港近事编录》、《香港中外新报》和《循环日报》等港报多有转载，而对它们所刊小说的转载却呈现出极大的差异，从中可以看出两地报人小说观念交流和发展的许多细节。王韬、韩邦庆、孙玉声等一些报人小说家的小说创作在19世纪显得非常突出，报业改变了他们的生存方式和创作方式，他们的作品虽然仍保持着传统的形式和风格，但新的小说观念已经出现在他们的小说文本和传播方式中。事实上，他们的这些尝试已经开新小说之先河。可以说报人在晚清小说的发展过程中起到了关键的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the modern journalism introduced into China in 19 century, Chinese journalist arose at the historic moment, which influenced the emergence of the modern ideology and culture of China deeply. Therefore, the traditional idea of fiction began modernizing.The Shen-Bao Press, established by an English Major, was the best media in Late-Qing Dynasty. Its extension of business scope from newspaper to book, magazine, and pictorial provided the fiction with more media forms. The influence of Western idea of journalism on Chinese journalists is fairly remarkable. For lack of journalism on modern notion in ancient China, the interpreting of the Western idea of journalism had to be based on Chinese traditional idea of fiction. It seems transitional that the news was mixed with a great deal of fiction and quasi-fiction. At the same time, some elements of the Western narrative were mixed into Chinese idea of fiction. Some common Western narrative modes and skills were learned and applied to fiction and quasi-fiction by the journalists. Published in newspapers frequently, the traditional styles, such as Joke, Anecdote, Dialogues, began to be qualified with many new characteristics. While absorbing the traditional styles, the New-Novel was influenced by the appending news’ elements. Journalists’ work also influenced their fiction writing. The theme, view, structure, and style well known by the traditional fictionist have been converted in the writing of the journalist, whose realism and narrative style in newspapers transformed the tradition of fiction.By changing their sociality mode, the media focused the journalists, whose similar career, position, idea, interest brought very strong inter-identity and new-model community which more intellectual took part in as a giant intellectual group in virtue of the media. Due to the birth of journalist society, the journalists’ idea, interest and taste could produce wide and immediate response. The raising interest promoted the boom of the fiction. Contrarily, the declining interest accelerated the vanishing of the Zhi-Guai fiction. The Shen-Bao Daily often reprinted essays from the Hong-Kong News Collection and the Hong-Kong Chinese-and-Foreign News, but there was remarkable difference between the reprinting of fiction from each, which reveals many details of the interchange and development of the idea of fiction of the journalists in two places.The fiction writing of the journal-fictionists, such as Wang Tao, Han Bang-qing, Sun Yu-sheng, appear very prominent in 19 century. Journalism had changed their ways of living and writing, whose works, however, kept traditional forms and styles as before. Nevertheless, the new idea of fiction emerged in their fiction text and its diffusion. In fact, their attempts are the very start of New-Novel.The journalist really played an important role in the development of the fiction in Late-Qing Dynasty.更多还原