十八世纪以降江南居民的消费

【作者】 黄敬斌；

【导师】 樊树志；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中国古代史， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 经济史是介于历史学与经济学之间的边缘学科，研究历史时期的经济现象，其内容应当涵盖生产、交换、分配、消费等方面。但在目前明清江南经济史的学术领域内，学者们对于消费的研究相对较少，这不仅使得经济史的学科体系有失完整，而且不利于对江南经济发展的实际水平作出完整的评价，也不利于一系列理论问题的解答。本文从现代经济学的概念范畴和理论方法出发，对江南居民，特别是农民在衣食住行、娱乐信仰、教育卫生以及婚丧世俗礼仪等方面的消费作了全面细致的考察，并选取了18世纪中期、19世纪中期和1930年代三个时间点，对居民消费的各个方面作了量化的估计。本文认为，江南农民的日常消费水平和结构，其性质可以定义为温饱有余的，在18世纪中期尤其如此。此外，本文从经济学的观点出发，重新讨论了“奢侈”的概念，在此基础上对城市和社会上层的奢侈消费作了描述和分析，澄清了经济史学界在这个问题上的一些模糊认识。结论认为，清代江南的奢侈消费是具有经济合理性的现象，它有利于社会生产、就业和商业的繁荣，但不足以引发深刻的社会经济变革。对于当前江南研究中的一些热点问题，如彭慕兰、黄宗智之间的学术争论，本文从消费的领域出发作出了一些回应。论文的结尾对于江南经济史研究中的一些理论问题，也从消费的侧面出发，以经济学的观点进行了反思。更多还原

【Abstract】 Economic history, as an interdiscipline spanning history and economics, concerns itself with economic phenomena in wider historical context. Its subject matter ranges from production, exchange, distribution to consumption. However, as to the recent research of economic history in Ming-Qing Jiangnan, consumption is comparatively less studied, making the research framework less integrated. In addition, due to the absence of this aspect, comprehensive estimations of actual developments in this field, as well as affirmative answers to relevant theoretic issues, are less convincing at present. This paper, based on modern economic conceptual categories and theories, examines generally and thoroughly inhabitants’ daily, recreational, religious, educational, sanitary and ritual consumption behaviors in Jiangnan, especially its rural places. In the addressed topics, three time points are selected: middle 18th century, middle 19th century and 1930s’, each of which is combined with data-oriented analysis. Judging from the consumptive level and structures in rural Jiangnan, it argues that inhabitants there and then, particularly in 18^th century, went beyond merely warm and satiation. Furthermore, from the economic point of view, it re-discusses the concept of luxury, and supported by a description about luxurious consumptions of urban and upper-class people, clarifies certain ambiguities in this field of research. The conclusion shows that luxurious consumptions in Jiangnan during Qing were reasonable economic phenomena that facilitated social production, employment and commercial prosperity, but on the other hand, were insufficient to trigger any profound social revolution. As response to recent academic controversies, such as that between Pomeranz and Philip Huang, the paper provides its comments as well. In the last chapter, with a view to consumption, reflections on theoretical research in Jiangnan economic history are presented.更多还原