节点文献
计算机集成制造系统中若干重要技术的研究
Research on Important Technologies for Computer Integrated Manufacturing System
【作者】 曾议；
【导师】 竺长安；
【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 精密仪器及机械， 2006， 博士
【摘要】 制造业是国民经济的基础和支柱，先进制造模式的研究一直受到各国的重视。随着过去相对稳定的市场变得复杂多变，企业必须提高自身的柔性和生产率。CIMS正是为满足这一需求而提出的。另一方面，科学技术特别是信息、计算机和网络技术的迅速发展及其与生产技术的密切结合，开阔了柔性自动化的道路。CIMS的提出，从企业生产战略的高度和从生产系统的整体上解决了高柔性和高生产率的矛盾。 CIMS中与制造相关的主要技术可分为三个方面：产品开发与设计技术、生产管理技术、车间制造技术。对于产品开发与设计技术，本论文以课题组开发的集成CAD／CAPP／CAM软件IE-CAM为背景，研究了基于特征建模的集成设计技术，并着重探讨了参数化孔模型的建立方法；开发出系统交互式操作时的智能识别技术；对孔群加工时的工艺路线进行了优化。对于生产管理技术，文中提出了基于MSOFFICE的PDM方案。对于车间制造技术，论文使用群智能算法求解车间的设备布局优化问题。 CAD／CAPP／CAM是CIMS中实现产品设计和制造自动化的关键技术，而基于特征的产品建模，是实现3C集成的有效方法。根据CIMS环境下CAD／CAPP／CAM集成的特点，提出产品特征模型，总结IE-CAM特征建模的原理和特点；给出其特征的层次结构和分类，并用面向对象方法进行描述；参与开发出了基于特征的参数化建模系统；阐述参数化建模过程，在特征建模基础上实现了形状加工的辅助工艺生成并在IE-CAM中成功应用；介绍IE-CAM特征识别功能和加工工艺生成的流程；对工程数据库技术进行了阐述，进一步分析系统工程数据库的模式和结构。由于孔模型和孔加工功能是IE-CAM的特色，其孔加工功能可以自动配置加工工序和具体工艺参数，被认为是同类产品中最完善的，因此着重探讨了基于特征的参数化孔模型的建立和加工工艺生成，并以此为例印证前面的内容。 为适应交互式几何特征建模中的智能化要求，提供给用户方便友好的图形操作功能，提出交互式建模中的使能技术：最小封闭图形搜索和识别。设计了基于角度翼边结构的搜索算法，介绍算法的原理、流程和应用。在IE-CAM中开发出基于此算法的智能识别技术，有效提高了CAD系统的人性化、智能化和建模效率。
【Abstract】 The manufacturing industry is the foundation and the prop of national economy. The research on manufacturing mode is always emphasized by all countries. Today the internationalization competition is more and more intense, the manufacturing industry is also having the transformation and the traditional management pattern innovates unceasingly. The enterprise has to enhance own flexibility and the productivity. CIMS is precisely proposed for meeting the demand. On the other hand, the computer science and networking technology progress rapidly. They combine with the production technology closely. It has provided the feasibility for CIMS and widened the path for flexible automation. CIMS has solved the contradiction between high flexible and high productivity in the production system. Many countries think generally CIMS will become the new production method which will occupy the dominant position in 21 century and it is the foundation of other manufacturing philosophy.The technologies in CIMS may be divided into three aspects: product development and design technology, production management technology, workshop technique of manufacture. Regarding the product development and design technology, the characteristic-model-based integrated design technology which is based on the CAD/CAPP/CAM software named IE-CAM (developed by work group) is studied. Then the establishment method for parametrization-hole-model is emphatically discussed. The intelligent recognition technology for interactive operation is developed. The optimization for hole-group-processing craft route is carried on. Regarding the production management technology, the PDM plan based on the MSOFFICE is proposed in the article. Regarding the workshop technique of manufacture, the swarm intelligence algorithms are used to solve the facility layout optimization problem.CAD/CAPP/CAM is the key technology in CIMS. Characteristic-based product modelling is the effective method which realizes 3C integrating. At first the characteristic-modelling principles are summarized and the classification and hierarchical structure of characteristic are expresssed. Then they are described by the object-oriented method. The parametrization-modelling process is elaborated. The feature recognition function is introduced and CAPP for shape processing is discussed. The characteristic and the structure of the engineering database are analyzed. Because the model of holes and the hole-