【作者】 马辉；

【导师】 孟兆祯；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 为了渡过河流峡谷等不宜修路的地段,人类采取兴造建筑物通济利涉,这种道路形势的特殊建筑物称为桥梁。其中,在兴造目的和效果方面显示出具有风景园林功能与特色的称为风景园林桥,为了方便论述简称景桥。由于景桥跨越水面和空谷的功能和在其上的观景、停留的要求,景桥不仅位置凸显,形象突出,而且在景观构成中自身作用力强大并且控制较大的视域范围。中国传统景桥设计有鲜明的独特性,结合中国人的自然观和文化总纲,在漫长的发展过程中形成独特的表现手法和建造技巧。以其丰富瑰丽、情景交融的特色在世界上独树一帜,是中国传统园林艺术辉煌成就的有机组成部分。随着当前风景园林建设的快速发展和人们景观意识的增强,景桥建设正日益受到人们的重视,但在具体实践中也出现了不少问题。系统研究传统景桥设计理论,对当代景桥建设汲取古代经验,继承和发展传统园林艺术有重要现实意义。论文主要脉络是在分析归纳文献资料和现存实例的基础上,对我国传统景桥设计的发展进程,文化背景,理念、理法,和在当代园林中的应用等问题进行较为系统的专题理论研究。论文从哲学、美学角度探索景桥的文化蕴涵,阐述景桥作为艺术,是一个社会的社会结构、文化传统和观念形态的“物化”,是民族智慧、文化精神、审美心理的集结体,并基于此对景桥造景、景桥设计的深层结构进行探索,揭示其文化积累。论文采用例释和图解的方法,从景桥造景的相地、立意和布局角度出发,分析景桥在不同环境中“景以境出”的设计理念,归纳总结出具体的景桥三大造景手法。结合景桥设计序列,从“地-景-情-境”角度剖析中国传统景桥设计艺术特点,从桥梁建筑美学、结构造型研究、细部设计研究、及景桥的种植设计、照明设计研究等方面,构建“适地适桥”的景桥设计理法框架。并结合实例解析和个人设计实践,分析当代景桥设计现状。探索有民族风格、地方特色和结合现代生活的风景园林桥梁设计之路,探讨传统景桥设计理论在现代园林中的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to cross a river or a gorge or other places where to build a road is impossible, people build a kind of architecture so as to come-and-go between the two sides of it. Such kind of road like architecture is called bridge. If we build a bridge for decorating landscape or in fact a bridge does enhance beauty where it locates, we call such bridge garden-bridge. With the function not only of crossing water and valley but also of a platform for looking and staying, garden-bridge is endowed with outstanding appearance so it is an important part of garden scenery and provides a broad view for people.Through a long term’s development, combined with Chinese nature view and culture spirit , traditional Chinese garden-bridge design is endowed with bright unique feature especially at such fields as technique of expression and construction skill. With the character of magnificence contrasting abundance and spirit contrasting nature, traditional Chinese garden-bridge is an organic part of brilliant traditional Chinese garden art and an excellent flag in the world garden field.Due to the fast development of landscape garden and the increment of people’s garden space consciousness, garden-bridge construction becomes more and more important. But problems appeared too. So a systemic study on the theory of traditional garden-bridge design is of vital importance for contemporary landscape architect’s deriving from ancient experience and preserving and promoting traditional garden art.Based on the analysis and sum—up of references and the existing ancient gardens,this dissertation makes a systemic study on the development process,cultural background,designing concept and methods of traditional Chinese garden-bridge design and its application in contemporary gardening. It tries to reveal the cultural implication and“implied form”of garden-bridge in view of philosophy and aesthetics. It also illustrated that Garden-bridge, as a kind of art, is a“materialization”of social structure, cultural tradition and ideology as well as a combination of wisdom, cultural spirit and aesthetic psychology of Chinese people.By means of cases and illustrations, based on analyzing location, conception and layout, this dissertation analyses the design concept of“Design in The Light of Local Conditions”and generalizes three main garden-bridge scenery make methods. In view of“loaction-sight-spirt-enviromet”, by means of analyzing the art character of traditional Chinese garden-bridge design, a design concept of“Design a Suitable Garden-bridge at The Right Area”is proposed, which includes bridge architectural praxiology, structure sculpt, detail design, garden-bridge planting design and illumination design.更多还原