【作者】 刘海军；

【导师】 骆有庆； 王保德；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 随着国际贸易的发展,木包装携带有害生物的高风险性不断被认识。近年来,美国、欧盟等国家认为我国是光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis(Motsoh.)的分布区之一,先后对我国的出口商品木包装实施特定的管理措施,使我国蒙受了巨大的贸易损失。《国际贸易中木包装管理准则》草案(ISPM No.15)颁布以来,木包装相关领域的有害生物风险评价引起广泛关注。美国是仅次于欧盟的中国第二大贸易伙伴,破除非关税技术壁垒,保护我国出口贸易势在必行。因此,进行出境木包装携带有害生物风险评价,在应对贸易单方面管理措施时占据主动,具有重要理论和现实意义。本文运用系统完备的资料,在木包装风险源描述的基础上,结合木包装主要的用材树种来源及木包装携带有害生物的特点等,并充分考虑有害生物的类群、分布特点、关注程度以及口岸截获等因素,确定了以星天牛Anoplophora chinensis(F?rster)、桑天牛Apriona germar(iHope)、松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope、花曲柳窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire和落叶松八齿小蠹Ips subelongatus Motschulsky作为典型种类进行风险评价,以期为木包装途径上大量其它有害生物的风险评价提供借鉴。论文的关键性结论如下:(1)首次在中国木包装害虫风险评价的过程中考虑环境与寄主双重因素,运用地理信息系统软件Arcview GIS将GARP预测的潜在适生区与潜在寄主进行叠加分析。分析结果如下:星天牛与桑天牛在美国的潜在适生区广泛,其东部几乎所有地区都是两种有害生物的潜在分布区,分布区寄主丰富度大小即是潜在风险性的大小。松墨天牛的潜在寄主分布于美国东北部与东南大部分地区,其中东北大部分地区并不是松墨天牛的潜在适生区。对于东部与东南大部分地区,寄主的丰富度高,分布广泛,即是松墨天牛的潜在分布区,也是重大检疫性有害生物松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Nickle的分布区。花曲柳窄吉丁的潜在分布区与寄主叠加的区域主要位于下列各州:明尼苏达、威斯康星、北达科他、密歇根、印第安那、俄亥俄、肯塔基、维吉尼亚、田纳西、及北卡罗莱纳、伊利诺斯、密苏里、堪萨斯、内布拉斯加、南达科塔的全部或部分更多还原

【Abstract】 The potential risk imposed by insects has been gradually recognized along with the development of international trade. In recent years, the United States of American and European Union have taken special measures for pathway of Solid Wood Packing Materials (SWPM) from China because China is the major distribution area of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsoh.), resulting in tremendous economic losses. After the Guidelines for Regulating Wood Packing Material in International Trade (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No.15 ) was released, pest risk assessment related to SWPM has brought extensive attention in public. Only second to European Union, U.S. has been the primary trade partner with China. Therefore, it is imperative to break up non-tariff technical barriers, and to protect domestic export trade. It is of significant importance, both theoretically and practically, to carry out pest risk assessment associated with SWPM for dealing with unilateral trade issues.Five woodborers, i.e., Anoplophora chinensis (F?rster), Apriona germari (Hope), Monochamus alternatus Hope, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, and Ips subelongatus Motschulsky, were selected as representative species for the risk assessment. These species were selected based on information related to the pathway of SWPM, tree species used for making SWPM as well as characteristics of woodborers associated with SWPM pathway. Factors related to these woodborers such as the biology, distribution, degree of consensus, and ports interception data were also taken into consideration. The main conclusions of the risk assessment are as follows:(1) For the first timein risk assessment of SWPM from China, environmental and更多还原