【作者】 朱谦；

【导师】 陈立虎；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2006， 博士

【副题名】以行政许可为中心

【摘要】 本文旨在试图从涉外环境行政法的角度对以下问题进行论述：人类是怎样在气候变化科学认识不确定性情形下，形成全球温室气体控制的国际法律?作为《京都议定书》最具创新特点的清洁发展机制形成过程以及确立的法律基础和经济基础是什么?清洁发展机制是如何通过涉外环境行政法对其加以实施的? 尽管，还有许多科学上的不确定性存在，但是，可以确认的是人类排放的温室气体确实已经和将继续从多方面对人类的生存和发展带来严重威胁。在这种背景下，1992年的《联合国气候变化框架公约》开始对人类排放温室气体行为进行控制。之后，在1997年又进一步达成《京都议定书》，以明确公约附件一国家在第一个承诺期内具体的温室气体减排义务。在该议定书里，创造性地确立了包括清洁发展机制在内的三种灵活机制以帮助附件一国家完成削减任务。然而，由于不同利益集团之间利益冲突，尤其是美国退出议定书，尽管，经过多年艰苦的谈判和妥协，《京都议定书》最终生效，但是，其第一个承诺期里规定的削减指标已经被大打折扣。 作为京都灵活三机制之一的清洁发展机制，是附件一国家与非附件一国家通过项目活动从事温室气体减排的国际合作机制，其确立的依据包括温室气体减排的共同但有差别的责任和成本-效益分析，目的不仅能降低附件一国家温室气体减排成本，而且还能促进非附件一国家的可持续发展目标的实现。尽管，清洁发展机制是一个国际法律问题，但是，它是在非附件一国家通过国内行政主管机构对项目进行行政许可来加以实施的，因此说，它本质上是一个典型的具有涉外因素的行政法问题。 对于清洁发展机制项目能否促进非附件一国家的可持续发展战略目标的实现往往是各非附件一国家重点考虑的问题。但事实上，可持续发展是个内涵非常丰富的概念，国际社会也没有一个通用的准则，它只能依赖各非附件一国家的法律和政策来加以确认。当然，非附件一国家设置清洁发展机制项目行政许可条件时，通常还会要求通过项目的实施，在公平合理的前提下，促进有益于环境的技术转让。同时，对于资金的额外性也是非附件一国家在实施项目行政许可时特别关注的。 在清洁发展机制项目的行政许可的实施过程中，为了确保项目环境效益完整性，即确保项目能够带来长期的、实际可测量的、额外的减排量，还需要建立一更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation aims at expounding the following issues from the angle of foreign-related environmental administrative law: How could man formulate the international laws on controlling global green house gas under the circumstance of having uncertain scientific knowledge of climate change? How did Clean Development Mechanism that is the most innovative part of Kyoto Protocol formulate? And what are its legal and economic bases? How could such mechanism be implemented through foreign-related environmental administrative law?Although there exist some uncertainties in science, what man can confirm is that green house gas emitted by mankind has really been threatening the existence and development of mankind in many aspects In this context, United Nations Framework Conventions on Climate Change 1992 came to control the green house gas emitted by mankind. Later in 1997, Kyoto Protocol is formulated and detailed obligations of Annex 1 countries thereof on green house gas emissions reduction in the first commitment period are specified. In this Protocol, three flexible mechanisms including clean development mechanism are creatively established for the purpose of assisting Annex 1 countries thereof in fulfilling their reduction task. However, due to the interest conflicts of different group, and especially the withdrawal of the USA, after many years of difficult negotiations and compromise, Kyoto Protocol finally came into effect, but the reduction target prescribed in the first commitment period has not been well fulfilledClean Development Mechanism, as one of the three flexible mechanisms is an international cooperative mechanism engaged in green house gas emission reduction through project activities between Annex 1countries and non-Annex1 countries, based on the common but different liability and cost-effective analysis of green house gas emission reduction with the aim that can not only reduce the cost of green house gas emission reduction of Annex 1 countries but also can facilitate the fulfillment of the更多还原