【作者】 王丹；

【导师】 宋湛谦； 商士斌；

【作者基本信息】 中国林业科学研究院 ， 林产化学加工， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 纤维素是地球上最丰富的天然资源，以其可再生性和丰富的含量以及无毒、可降解、对环境友好的特点受到各国研究人员的关注。相应的纤维素改性高吸水树脂的研发也逐渐受到重视，但是目前的研究报道中，该类产品普遍存在吸水倍率低、耐盐性差的缺点。为了得到耐盐性强、生物降解性能高的高吸水树脂，本文选用不同的聚合单体，与羧甲基纤维素(CMC)进行接枝共聚反应，将阴离子、阳离子和非离子等不同的亲水基团引入到树脂分子中，使树脂亲水基团多样化；研究不同聚合方法下各种反应因素(比如单体比例、CMC用量、反应体系pH值、以及交联剂和引发剂等等)对反应过程和树脂产物性能的影响，探寻优化的工艺条件，合成耐盐性好的高吸水树脂产品，并对其生物降解性能和实际应用性能进行测试。 将CMC与丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(MAETAC)接枝共聚，创新合成了分子中同时含有阳离子和非离子亲水基团的纤维素改性阳离子型高吸水树脂。比较了水溶液聚合法、反相悬浮聚合法以及微波辐射法等三种合成方法对树脂性能的影响，分别得出三种方法的优化合成工艺条件。研究发现，反相悬浮聚合法合成的树脂(ICAM)性能优于另外两种方法，其吸蒸馏水倍率为657g／g，吸自来水倍率为273g／g，吸0.9％NaCl溶液倍率为116g／g。 将CMC与丙烯酸(AA)、AM和MAETAC接枝共聚，创新合成了分子中同时含有阴离子、阳离子和非离子亲水基团的纤维素改性两性离子型高吸水树脂。比较了水溶液聚合法、反相悬浮聚合法以及微波辐射法等三种合成方法对树脂性能的影响，分别得出三种方法的优化合成工艺条件。研究发现，反相悬浮聚合法合成的树脂(ICAAM)性能优于另外两种方法，其吸蒸馏水倍率为2184g／g，吸自来水倍率为670g／g，吸0.9％NaCl溶液倍率为197g／g。 本文合成的纤维素改性高吸水树脂的溶胀现象符合Flory膨胀理论，在电解质溶液中，随着溶液浓度增加，树脂吸水性能下降，对于相同浓度的电解质溶液，金属离子所带电荷数越大，树脂的吸收性能越低。树脂在中性范围内使用，能发挥较高吸水性能，强酸性或强碱性条件下，吸水性能下降。树脂的吸收性能受温度的影响较小，可以在较宽温度范围内使用。粒径大小影响树脂的吸水性能，粒径范围在80～120目之间的树脂颗粒具有较高的吸水倍率和吸水速度。树脂的重复吸水性能和保水性能均较好。 研究发现，本文合成的树脂在蒸馏水、自来水以及0.9％NaCl溶液中的吸水性能更多还原

【Abstract】 Cellulose is the most abundant natural resource, which is renewable, nontoxic and degradable, has been paid much attention by researchers of many countries. But cellulose-modified superabsorbent polymer (SAP) didn’t show high sorption and retention capacity in both water and saline solutions, according to the former research repo(?)s. In order to improve the salt tolerance of cellulose-modified SAP, different monomers with anionic, cationic and nonionic hydrophilic group were grafted onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The factors affecting absorbency of SAP, such as monomers ratio, CMC dosage, content of various initiators and crosslinking agents, neutralization degree of acrylic acid (AA), and synthesis methods were investigated and discussed in detail. Biodegradable cellulose-modified SAPs with high salt tolerance were obtained, and the degradation and application performance of them were determined.Acrylamide (AM) and [2-(methylacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MAETAC) were grafted onto CMC, and cellulose-modified cationic SAPs with cationic and nonionic hydrophilic group were prepared. Optimal conditions of different synthetic methods, such as solution polymerization, inverse suspension polymerization, and microwave radiation polymerization, were obtained respectively. ICAM, the cellulose-modified cationic SAPs prepared by inverse suspension polymerization, were found to have better perfo(?)ance than SCAM prepared by solution polymerization and MCAM prepared by microwave radiation polymerization.ICAM has the absorbent capacity of 657 times their own weight in distilled water, 273 times in tap water, and 165 times in 0.9% saline solution.AA, AM and MAETAC were grafted onto CMC, and cellulose-modified amphoteric SAPs with anionic, cationic and nonionic hydrophilic group were prepared. Optimal更多还原