【作者】 段敬民；

【导师】 钱永久；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 结构工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 煤炭是我国主要能源之一。我国大小煤田遍布各地，煤田上方分布有许多城镇、工厂企业、还有星罗棋布的自然村庄。随着国民经济的发展，煤炭需求量急剧增加，煤炭开采量也随之加大，煤炭的开采范围越来越广，造成大量的建筑物和构筑物处于矿山塌陷区之上，伴随着各矿区的地面建筑和公共设施的扩大，造成各矿区的地面建筑物及构筑物下压煤量不断增加。据有关资料报道，国有煤矿“三下”(建筑物下、水体下、铁路下)压煤总量约为137.9亿吨，其中建筑物下压煤高达87.6亿吨(占63.5％左右)，而建筑物的压煤中有60％属于村庄下压煤，大约影响到60万户居民的安居乐业问题。如何设计出结构更加合理的抗采动建筑物(构筑物)，如何对既有建筑物(构筑物)进行检测、评估并采取有效的加固，是建筑物下采煤及其地面建筑物保护至今没有彻底解决的理论问题及技术问题之一。对此，本论文主要作了以下几方面的工作：1．分析了矿山开采对建筑物(构筑物)的影响，研究了矿山塌陷区地表变形规律，和建筑物(构筑物)及其基础变形与对应地表变形的关系：2．进行了相似材料模拟试验研究。用相似材料模拟覆岩，研究地下开采引起的覆岩地表移动和变形规律；3．综合应用建筑结构力学、矿山开采沉陷学、土力学、材料力学等相关知识，研究了矿山塌陷区上部结构-地基-基础共同作用问题，建立了矿山塌陷区上部结构-地基-基础共同作用力学模型。应用该模型研究分析了采动过程中基础和上部结构变形、内力及地基反力等变化规律及主要因素的影响规律；4．研究了受采动(地表不均匀的下沉和水平移动产生的地表变形)影响的条形基础建筑物基础的附加作用力，提出了计算附加作用力的基本假定。分析了建筑物受采动影响的程度和使用的安全性，研究了矿山塌陷区已有建筑物的保护以及矿山塌陷区新建条形基础建筑物的设计方法；5．针对矿山塌陷区的条形基础建筑物(构筑物)，本文提出了“可移动及升降点式基础房屋抗采动设计理论”，包括设计思想的提出、附加作用力公式的推导与建立，建筑材料的优选及构造措施，并确定了可移动及升降点式基础的参数。该理论的实施改善了传统的“条形基础抗采动房屋”的结构受力性能，使得建筑物(构筑物)能更有效的吸收和抵抗地表移动和变形。6．在矿山塌陷区既有工程结构加固方面，提出了“概念加固思想”，并阐述了其基本概念及内涵，提出了工程结构概念加固的基本原则及思路，提出了对既有结构基于概念的评估，结合工程实例进行了应用研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 As all well known, the coal is one of the main energy sources. There are a lot of coal-mines all around of our country. Above these coal-mines, there are a lot of towns、factories and many kinds of natural villages. With the development of our economic, more and more coal is needed and mined. As a result, many constructions are on the mining cave-in areas. It is reported that the amount of coal under constructions、water and railways is about 13.79 billion tons. Out of these coal, the quantity of coal under constructions is about 8.76 billion tons(about 63.5 percent). It infects the living conditions of 600 thousands people.How to design resisting mining constructions that is reasonable in structure,and how to detect、estimate and strengthening existed constructions effectively,is a theoretical and technical problem that is not solved in construction protect in mining cave-in areas,up to now.Therefore, the following research works have been done:1. The influence of mining to the construction and the deformations of the surface of the mining cave-in area, as well as the deformations of the buildings and its foundations are analyzed.2. Many similitude materials simulating overburden layer and movement of overburden layer causing by underground mining are studied.3. With the theories of structural mechanic, mining settlement, soil mechanic and material mechanic, the common action between superstructure soil and foundation above mining cave-in area are studied and the mechanic model of this common action are made up. Using this model, the movement rule of foundation, internal force, subgrade reaction are studied.4. The additional acting force of building infected by mining has been studied and the assumption of the calculation to this force has been put forward. Also, the protecting methods to the building and the design methods to the building using the deformation stripe bases have been studied.5. The design theory to the buildings using "moving and rise-fall point foundation" in sink mining areas has been put forward, including design concepts, establishment of the formula for additional function、choice of constructional material, as well as the parameters to the moving and rise-fall point foundation. Through above works, the performances and load capacity of the structures have been improved.6. The theory of "conception strengthening" for the existing structures in the mining cave-in area、basical principle、structural strengthening procedures as well as evaluation methods to structures has been put forward.The research results have been used in an actual example.更多还原