行政行为类型化研究

【作者】 王正斌；

【导师】 朱维究；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文分为五个部分。在导论部分,首先说明研究行政行为类型化的实践意义,由于行政行为类型对裁判类型的影响,而行政行为构成要件决定着行为类型的区分,因此有必要通过构成要件理论对行政行为进行类型化。其次说明本文的方法论,如果所获得的知识在理性层面上具有融贯性和简洁性,在经验层面具有涵盖性和说明能力,对实践则具有适切的指导性,就可以认为这一知识是可靠的。第一章,是行政行为类型理论回顾。首先是对传统行政行为类型理论进行反思,认为传统行政行为类型理论虽然存在着不少问题,从而出现法律关系理论、行政行为过程论等补充性理论,但都不能取代行政行为类型理论的地位,理论上仍然有其存在的必要性。通过对行政行为核心类型进行研究,可以克服既有的弊端。然后对境内外关于行政行为的概念进行回顾,接着对行政行为的各种分类进行回顾,最后对有关行政行为构成要件的研究进行综述。第二章,是对四种基本行政行为类型的归纳。首先通过对法律中行为概念的归纳,发现无论是民法、刑法还是诉讼法上的行为,都是指有人的意识的行为。行政行为这个词不是指称日常语言中的行为,而是指称法律意义上的行为,即行政权作用意义上的行为,其下位概念可以是行政法律行为、行政事实行为等。接着,通过对法学上存在的行为分类方法的归纳,发现通过授权调整与法定调整之别,可以将行为分为法律行为与事实行为;通过产生请求、容忍权与产生支配权之别,可以将法律行为分为狭义法律行为与执行行为;通过适法与违法之别,可以将事实行为分为狭义事实行为与侵权行为。这样得出了法律上行为的四种基本类型。类似地,行政行为的四种基本类型可以归纳为狭义行政法律行为、狭义行政事实行为、行政执行行为、行政侵权行为。第三章,是四种基本行政行为类型的本质区分——构成要件。首先是提出行为的基本要件:行政主体、行政相对人、行政权运用。试图通过基本要件,解决确定行政行为的存在,以及行政行为与非行政行为的区分问题。接着,对四类基本行为类型的各自的构成要件进行分析,得出相应的构成要件。狭义法律行为的成立要件是行政主体、行政相对人、意思表示、行政权运用;效力要更多还原

【Abstract】 This article is divided into five parts. In the introduction, the article is explaining the practical significance of the research of classifying administrative acts. Because the types of administrative acts influence the types of judgments, and the constitutions of administrative acts decide the classification of the types of acts, it is necessary by using the theory of constitution to classify the administrative acts. Then, the article is explaining the research method. If the gained knowledge is unity and pithily in rational aspect, and contains completely and has ability to explain in experiential aspect, and has proper directive function, we can think it is reliable.Chapter one is review of the theory of types of administrative acts. First, the article rethinks the classical theory of types of administrative acts, thinks that though the theory of the types of administrative acts has many problems, the theory of legal relationship & the theory of administrative procedure are being raised as complement theories, the position of the theory of the types of administrative acts is still unable to be displaced and is still worthy of being researched. By researching the core types of administrative acts, it is possible to solve the existing shortcomings. Second, the article reviews the concepts and several classifications of administrative acts in border and out border. At the last, the article summarizes the research of constitutions of administrative acts.Chapter two is conclusion of four basic types of administrative act. First, the concept of act in legal theory is been concluded, the article finds that whatever in civil law, criminal law or procedural law, the“act”is refer to the conscious act of human being. The phrase administrative act does not refer to act of everyday language, but the act of legal meaning, which means act of administrative power function. Its subordinate concepts are administrative juristic act, administrative fact act etc. Then, through concluding the existing ways of classifying acts, the article finds that by the distinction between authorized adjustment and statutory adjustment, the act can be divided into juristic act and fact act; by distinction between producing更多还原