【作者】 李立京；

【导师】 张国雄；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 随着现代社会的发展,电梯作为高层建筑内的上下输送工具得到了迅猛的发展。人们在享受电梯快捷服务的同时,对电梯乘坐舒适性与安全性也提出了更为苛刻的要求。一台新电梯在安装过程中,需要进行反复测试、调整,才能使电梯性能达到设计要求。电梯在服务期内进行维护,需要对电梯进行检测与诊断。 因此,开发一套电梯综合测试系统,为电梯测试提供更方便、快捷、准确的仪器,对电梯加速度、速度、振动、噪声等参数进行测量是必要的。进一步,对电梯故障诊断技术进行研究,可以使技术人员根据电梯测试数据,判断电梯运行状态,找到电梯参数超标根源,做出合理决策、排除故障,甚至在合格的参数指标中发现电梯状态变化趋势,预测出故障现象并及时处理。电梯综合测试系统与故障诊断技术的研究,对电梯行业的发展将会起到巨大作用。 本课题得到美国联合技术公司(United Technologies Corporation)提供的容闳基金资助,首先开发出一套OTIS电梯数据采集网络系统,为保证电梯乘坐舒适性与运行可靠性,提高OTIS电梯的竞争力提供测试手段。然后对电梯故障诊断技术进行研究,研究电梯轿厢振动模型,探讨电梯故障机理;研究基于小波分析与信息融合的信号处理方法在电梯故障诊断中的应用。 本论文的创造性研究及主要工作是: 1.根据UTRC提出的电梯测试要求与国标GB/T 10059—1997所描述的电梯整机性能试验,将测量分为机房内测量、轿厢内测量、层站上测量三种情况,简化了测量方案。 2.通过轿厢加速度测量,完成电梯加速度、速度、位移、振动参数的测试任务,解决了以往电梯轿厢速度与位移测量需要附加编码器,并只能在机房内测量的缺点,使轿厢运动参数测量更加简便。 3.利用加速度传感器测量数据的趋势消除方法,提高了原始数据的真实度,获得了较高的加速度、速度、位移测量精度。 4.利用虚拟仪器技术开发电梯综合测试系统,提高了开发效率,较快地完成了系统的研制工作,并且可以方便地添加软件功能,改善和增强系统性能。 5.对电梯系统进行研究,找出引起轿厢铅垂振动与水平振动的主要原因,建立了电梯轿厢铅垂振动模型与水平振动模型。 6.利用电梯轿厢水平二自由度振动模型,研究了电梯导轨对轿厢振动的影更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of modern society, the elevator, transportation tool for high buildings, has been rapidly improved. The requirements to ride comfort and safety of elevators, as well as for quick access within tall buildings become higher and higher. An elevator cannot provide excellent performance without strict test and accurate alignment. It is also important to monitor and diagnose the potential faults of an elevator in advance during its operation.It is essential to develop a system for measuring the operation parameters of an elevator such as acceleration, velocity, vibration, noise expediently and accurately. It is also important to study the fault diagnosis technology of elevators, to monitor the condition of an elevator in operation, to find out the present or potential troubles and to solve them. So the research on the measurement and diagnosis system of elevators will bring great progress in this industry.This research was financially supported by Ronghong Endowment of the United Technologies Corporation, USA. Firstly, a Data Sampling Network System for OTIS Elevators is developed for improving the quality and reliability and enhancing the competence of OTIS elevators. And then, the fault diagnosis technology of elevators is studied, which focuses on the establishment of the vibration models of the cabin, the research on the mechanisms of faults and the applications of wavelet analysis and information fusion.The main work done in this research and the creative ideas of the dissertation are as follow:1) According to the requirements of UTRC and the national standard, GB/T 10059-1997, all parameters are measured in the workshop, on the floor or in the cabin to simplify the measuring job.2) A new technique is proposed, by which the accelerations, velocities, displacements and vibrations of the cabin are obtained at the same time by measuring only the accelerations of cabin without measurement in machine room and using encoders.3) The errors in speed and displacement measurements based on taking first and second integrals from the measured acceleration are greatly reduced by introducing a correction factor in accordance with the average of the original acceleration.4) The idea of virtual instrument is introduced to develop a measuring system for elevators, which could be modified, expanded easily and efficiently in case of necessity.5) The main factors causing cabin to vibrate are studied and the models for vertical and lateral vibrations of the elevator are established.6) A two-degrees-of-freedom lateral vibration model of the elevator cabin system under different types of excitations caused by the rail straightness and alignment errors is built. This mathematical model not only can be used as a design tool for analyzing the influences of various parameters to vibration and for studying vibration-reduction strategies, but also helps to monitor the performance of the elevator in operation, and to identify possible faults of the elevator.7) Based on the study of the fault diagnosis technology of elevators by vibration analysis, the wavelet analysis method is introduced for signal processing. By using wavelet transform the drive quality of an elevator can be studied easily and effectively by analyzing the vertical vibration signals of the elevator. By using wavelet transform the faults in guide rail system can be identified by analyzing the lateral vibration signals as well.8) The information fusion technology is introduced for fault diagnosis of elevators. Both information fusion method based on multi-operation mode and fusion method based on multi-resolution analysis are proposed, which can be considered as a replacement of the information fusion method based multi-sensors.Field tests have proved the high quality of the developed Data Sampling Network System for OTIS Elevators. The effectiveness of the fault diagnosis methods based on wavelet analysis and information fusion has been confirmed.更多还原