【作者】 李浩；

【导师】 华锡生；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水工结构工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 近景影像技术是水电工程中不可缺少的地面遥感监测技术。在水工模型的水舌形态、水流流场、泥沙淤积等测定方面,在水工原型的泄洪口水流形态及消力池底板损蚀、大坝溢流面形态及磨蚀、各类闸门的静态及动态变形等监测方面,在水工建筑物建设中的复杂边坡、硐室、基坑的工程形态、位移变形等监测方面,近景影像技术可满足水电工程的设计、建设和运行阶段对快速、间接、动态量测技术的需求。随着数字化、信息化时代的到来,水电工程建设对影像信息技术有了更高的要求。近景数字影像技术被期望用于解决水电工程现场的快速信息获取、影像工程信息的自动处理、空间信息的可视化分析应用等技术难题。当前近景数字影像技术研究的重点集中在普通数码影像技术的研究和应用方面,针对上述亟待解决的问题,本文在下列方面开展研究,并取得了如下成果。 1.基于现代数字影像量测理论,研究了对普通数码相机的量测化并构建了适用于数码影像量测处理的各种算法,较好地解决了普通数码影像量测化应用的问题,并使精度可以达到目前普遍采用的非量测化应用方法的同等精度,使该项技术的工程适用性大为提高。 2.针对影响量测精度的关键算法进行了研究,提出了适合于普通数码影像定向的自检校相对定向新算法,有效地减小了定向后的上下视差残差,且使量测化数码影像相对定向建立的模型质量良好,相似性误差小于1/800。 3.提出了地面摄影影像的单像投影转绘概念,研究了地面摄影单像投影转绘的理论方法及作业精度,解决了相应的计算问题,成果为近景影像工程信息提取及表达提供了新的技术手段。论文还针对普通数码影像研究了立体匹配的特殊性,给出了新的匹配方法。 4.提出了选取控制点的透视变换畸变参数检测方法(PT方法),这是最早的基于二维控制场的数码相机畸变差检校方法。PT方法的参数解算过程降低了未知数之间的影响,计算收敛性更好,结果更优。成果将降低近景影像技术对光学量测相机的依赖程度,拓展数字影像技术的工程应用。 5.结合影像工程地质编录,系统地研究了数字影像工程信息处理理论方法,解决了水电工程应用中的影像工程坐标系建立、影像控制、物像投影变换、影像纠正、影像目标重建、影像空间量算、影像测控精度估计等有关的理论和方法问题。 6.研究并建立了全新的水电工程数字影像地质编录理论及技术方法体系,研究开发了数字影像地质编录信息系统。成果对变革水电工程建设中的工程地质编录方式,全面提高水电工程地质编录技术水平有极好的实际应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Close-Range photogrammetry is an indispensable means of ground remote sensing monitor technology in hydroelectric engineering. The features of close-range imagery technology, such as quickness, indirectness, dynamic measuring and so on, meet the needs of hydroelectric engineering during the design phase, construction phase, and running phase especially in the measurement of the hydraulic model’s water nappe shape, water flow fields, sediment accumulation, and in the static and dynamic monitoring of hydraulic primary form’s water flow shape in the sluice, the deterioration of stiller under boards, the shape and abrasion of great dam effluence area and various anchor gate and when monitoring the shape and the displacement deformation of complex slopes, the cavern and the foundation ditch in the hydraulic structure construction. As the arrival of digital and informative era, hydroelectric engineering has higher and higher requests for the imagery information technology. It is hoped that the close-range digital imagery technology can be used to solve such problems as quick information acquisition, the automatic procession of the project imagery information, and the application of visualized analyzing and so on. Nowadays in the research and application of close-range digital imagery technology, much stress is lay on the non-metric digital imagery. In order to solve the urged problem mentioned above, this paper makes some study and yields achievements as follows:1. Based on the theories of modern digital imagery measurement, some researches has been made on the calibration of non-metric digital camera and various algorithms fit for the measurement of digital imagery have been successfully constituted. Also, by solving the problem of the application of calibrated non-metric digital imagery, accuracy has been upgraded to the same level with the non-calibrated method generally applied these days, which has greatly increased its applicability in engineering.2. Having done some researches on the key algorithms affecting the measuring accuracy, a new self-calibration method of relative orientation has been put forwards. The new method not only can effectively reduce the post orientation vertical parallax but also can establish a good model after the relative orientation of calibrated digital imagery, and the analogy error is less than 1/800.3. The paper has put forwards the concept of single image projected repaint of ground imagery, also with its theory and the estimation of its functioning accuracy, and has solve the convergence problem. It yields some fruits that can help extract useful engineering information from close-range imagery, and also the representation of it. The peculiarity of stereo match of non-metric imagery and its matching methods has also been studied in this paper.4. After studied the conformation distortion model of non-metric digital imagery, a distortion parameter testing method based on perspective collineation of two dimensional controlling field (i.e. PT method) has been put forwards, which is the first distortion calibration method for digital cameras in two dimensional controlling field. The study indicates that the PT method for resolving the parameters reduced the co-relationship between unknown parameters, thus the calculating convergence is better and so does the result. The outcome result will reduce the probability the close-range technology relies on optical metric cameras, and will widen the applicability digital imagery technology used in engineering.5. Along with image geologic logging, the processing technology and method for digital imagery engineering information have also been systematically studied. It has resolved such key technology problems as the establishment of engineering coordinate system, picture control,object-image projective transformation, image rectification, image target rebuilt, image space measurement, evaluation of image measure accuracy.6. A brand new system which is consists of digital image geologic logging theories and methods has been studied and put forwards in this paper. The development of Digital Image Geologic Logging Information System have been applied in a number of hydroelectric engineering and has good practical application value in bringing an revolution to the engineering geologic logging method in hydroelectric engineering construction and upgrading its logging technology level.更多还原