地震属性技术的研究与应用

【作者】 郭刚明；

【导师】 颜其彬；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油学院 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2005， 博士

【副题名】以潍北凹陷灶户构造为例

【摘要】 本文主要研究地震属性的提取分析技术,以及在我国东部胜利探区潍北凹陷灶户鼻状构造断块型砂泥岩储层预测中的应用。围绕地震属性技术的研究工作流程,地震属性的物理意义和地质意义以及地震多属性的相关性和独立性分析,本文主要进行了五个方面的研究工作:(1) 详细归纳总结了油藏地球物理中地震属性技术的基本工作程序和流程框架,将地震属性分析技术的研究过程概括为数据提取、数据分析、数据归纳和数据解释四个环节。(2) 针对我国东部复杂断块隐蔽型油气藏地质勘探的特点开展了地震属性新的分类方法研究,提出了隐蔽型油气藏勘探的五大类地震属性的划分方法。(3) 详细研究了基于分形、混沌、突变等非线性理论的地震信号的非线性参数的提取方法。针对层位地震属性对信号时窗的要求,引入了小数据量法提取地震储层范围内的最大李雅谱诺夫指数。另外,将小波变换的理论和高阶统计量方法引入到地震属性参数的提取中,创造性的提出了小波系数属性和高阶谱特征属性两种新的地震属性参数。(4) 研究了基于K-L变换的地震多属性降维映射方法,以及结合BP神经网络的地震多属性的优化预测策略。提出了自适应调整BP网络训练的学习率的新方法,有效的提高了神经网络模式识别的计算效率和计算精度,同时研制开发出了一套专门化的地震属性提取分析及油气优化预测的软件系统。(5) 针对胜利探区潍北凹陷灶户鼻状构造的断块型砂泥岩储层油气预测开展了地震属性的分析与预测技术的研究工作。总结了潍北东孔二段储层各类地震属性展现的特征和分布规律,提出了潍北地区能有效的、灵敏的反映储层和油藏参数的11个地震属性参数;结合地震多属性油气预测结果,划分出了潍北东区块三个有利岩性-构造复合圈闭的勘探目标及下一步的勘探建议井位。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper mainly studies the seismic attribute’s extraction and analysis technique, and its application in forecasting fault-block sand-shale reservoir in the region of the Zhaohu nose-like structure of Weibei depressed of Shengli prospecting area in east China. Surrounded by the research procedures physical and geologic meaning of the seismic attribute, and the analysis of relativity and independency of seismic mutiattribute, the paper does some research work as the following five aspects.The first, the paper summarizes the basic working procedure and flowing frame of seismic attribute technique in reservoir geophysics, then generalize the research procedure into four sections: data extraction、 data analysis、 data conclusion and data explanation. The second, the paper studies the new classification method of seismic attribute according to the characters of geological exploration of complicated fault-block covered oil reservoir in East China, and puts forward the classification method of 5 classes of seismic attribute in the exploration of covered reservoir.The third, the paper detailedly studies non-linear parameter extracting method based on theories of fractal、 chaos、 mutation and etc. Furthermore, according to the horizon seismic attribute’s requirement of signal time window, the paper introduces the small data volume method to extract maximal Lyapunov index in the extent of seismic reservoir. In addition, the paper firstly imports the theory of wavelet transform and higher-order spectrum into the field of extracting seismic attribute parameter, and creatively puts forward two new kinds of seismic attribute parameter: wavelet coefficient and higher-order spectral character.The fourth, the paper studies the seismic muti-attribute’s depressed dimension mapping method based on K-L transform and its optimizing forecast strategy based on BP neural network. Then puts forward a new method to auto-adapt the studying efficiency of BP network training, and it can effectively improve the computing efficiency and precision of its mode identification. In the same time, we develop the special software system to extract and analyze seismic attribute and optimizing forecast oil reservoir.The fifth, the paper does some research of practical application of seismic attribute analysis and forecast technique in the region of Zhaohu nose-like structure of Weibei depressed of Shengli prospecting area to forecast the sand-shale reservoir. Moreover, the paper summarizes all kinds of seismic attributes’ character and distributing rule in the reservoir layer of second section of Kongdian stratum in eastern area of Weibei, and putsforward 11 reservoir’s seismic attribute parameters which can effectively and sensitively reflect reservoir’s character. In the end, mark out three prospecting objects of available lithology-structure compound trap and designate the next proposal exploring well position combined with the result of seismic muti-attribute reservoir forecast.更多还原